{"id":633234,"date":"2026-04-21T08:21:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T06:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-23-septembre-2024-n24-03431\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T08:21:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T06:21:03","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-23-septembre-2024-n24-03431","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-23-septembre-2024-n24-03431\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 23 septembre 2024, n\u00b024\/03431"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 23 septembre 2024, a statu\u00e9 sur la responsabilit\u00e9 bancaire suite \u00e0 des virements frauduleux. Un client reprochait \u00e0 son \u00e9tablissement financier un manquement \u00e0 son devoir de vigilance apr\u00e8s avoir effectu\u00e9 cinq virements cons\u00e9quents vers une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 espagnole. Le tribunal a d\u00e9bout\u00e9 le client de ses demandes, estimant que les op\u00e9rations autoris\u00e9es ne pr\u00e9sentaient pas d’anomalies apparentes. Cette d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise les contours de l’obligation de vigilance du banquier dans l’ex\u00e9cution des ordres de paiement.<\/p>\n

La qualification des op\u00e9rations et le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La nature autoris\u00e9e des op\u00e9rations de paiement. Le tribunal rappelle que le consentement du client est l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment fondateur d’une op\u00e9ration de paiement. Il constate que le demandeur a lui-m\u00eame initi\u00e9 les virements litigieux apr\u00e8s avoir modifi\u00e9 les plafonds. “Monsieur [N] [X] a donc bien initi\u00e9 les op\u00e9rations de paiement litigieuses, en donnant un ordre de paiement \u00e0 son prestataire de services de paiement, caract\u00e9risant son consentement \u00e0 l’op\u00e9ration.” (III. Sur le devoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de vigilance de la banque). Ces op\u00e9rations autoris\u00e9es excluent l’application du r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cial des op\u00e9rations non autoris\u00e9es. La responsabilit\u00e9 de la banque ne peut donc \u00eatre recherch\u00e9e que sur le terrain contractuel de droit commun, en cas de manquement \u00e0 une obligation.<\/p>\n

L’inopportunit\u00e9 du fondement l\u00e9gal invoqu\u00e9 par le client. Le tribunal \u00e9carte le recours \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation relative \u00e0 la lutte contre le blanchiment. Il souligne que ce dispositif a une finalit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique et ne peut \u00eatre d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 au profit d’int\u00e9r\u00eats priv\u00e9s. “Aussi, les obligations de vigilance et de d\u00e9claration impos\u00e9es aux organismes financiers en application de ces articles ont pour seule finalit\u00e9 la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux et le financement du terrorisme, si bien que les victimes d\u2019agissements frauduleux ne peuvent s\u2019en pr\u00e9valoir pour r\u00e9clamer des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 l\u2019organisme financier.” (II. Sur le devoir sp\u00e9cial de vigilance de la banque). Le juge op\u00e8re ainsi une distinction nette entre l’ordre public de lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et la protection des int\u00e9r\u00eats individuels des clients.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tendue du devoir de vigilance et l’absence d’anomalie apparente<\/p>\n

Le contenu de l’obligation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de vigilance. Le tribunal d\u00e9finit le standard de diligence attendu du banquier teneur de compte. Celui-ci est tenu de v\u00e9rifier les anomalies apparentes, qu’elles soient mat\u00e9rielles ou intellectuelles. “L’anomalie apparente est celle qui ne doit pas \u00e9chapper au banquier suffisamment prudent et diligent face \u00e0 des faits anormaux, manifestement litigieux.” (III. Sur le devoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de vigilance de la banque). Cette obligation coexiste avec un principe de non-ing\u00e9rence dans la gestion patrimoniale du client. Le banquier n’a pas \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler l’opportunit\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations librement d\u00e9cid\u00e9es par son client.<\/p>\n

L’analyse concr\u00e8te des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du litige et l’absence de preuve. Le tribunal examine m\u00e9ticuleusement les circonstances pour d\u00e9celer une \u00e9ventuelle anomalie. Il rel\u00e8ve l’absence d’erreur mat\u00e9rielle, les virements ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s conform\u00e9ment aux identifiants fournis. Concernant une anomalie intellectuelle, il note que le client n’apporte pas la preuve du fonctionnement habituel de son compte. Les montants, bien que importants, \u00e9taient couverts et s’inscrivaient dans une logique de placement. “Le tribunal observe d’ailleurs que les cinq virements d’un montant total de 118.004 euros effectu\u00e9s en quelques jours ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 couverts par la solde cr\u00e9diteur du compte ch\u00e8ques” (III. Sur le devoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de vigilance de la banque). Enfin, le destinataire des fonds \u00e9tait une banque fran\u00e7aise, et le caract\u00e8re frauduleux du projet d’investissement n’\u00e9tait pas connu de l’\u00e9tablissement.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision s’inscrit dans une jurisprudence constante des tribunaux parisiens. Elle rejoint les solutions d\u00e9gag\u00e9es dans des affaires similaires o\u00f9 des clients victimes d’escroquerie tentaient d’engager la responsabilit\u00e9 de leur banque. “Ainsi, l’op\u00e9ration effectu\u00e9e […] apr\u00e8s qu’elle ait renseign\u00e9 toutes les informations n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation du virement litigieux, pour inhabituelle qu’elle f\u00fbt, ne pr\u00e9sentait pas d’anomalies apparentes pour la banque gestionnaire du compte, d\u00e8s lors qu’elle s’apparentait \u00e0 une op\u00e9ration de gestion des fonds d\u00e9pos\u00e9s, librement effectu\u00e9e par le d\u00e9tenteur du compte.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 23 septembre 2024, n\u00b023\/05458). Le juge rappelle ainsi que la vigilance du banquier ne saurait constituer une garantie contre les risques d’escroquerie assum\u00e9s par le client initiateur de l’op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 23 septembre 2024, a statu\u00e9 sur la responsabilit\u00e9 bancaire suite \u00e0 des virements frauduleux. Un client r…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9543,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ee924c22996ce54481d874","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ee924c22996ce54481d874","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ee924c22996ce54481d874","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Lille","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 02","_kj_rg":"24\/03431","_kj_date":"2025-10-14","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-633234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 23 septembre 2024, n\u00b024\/03431 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 23 septembre 2024, a statu\u00e9 sur la responsabilit\u00e9 bancaire suite \u00e0 des virements frauduleux. 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