{"id":636254,"date":"2026-04-21T13:59:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bordeaux-le-10-juillet-2024-n23-08447\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T13:59:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:59:53","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-bordeaux-le-10-juillet-2024-n23-08447","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-bordeaux-le-10-juillet-2024-n23-08447\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Bordeaux, le 10 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/08447"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Bordeaux, dans un jugement du 10 juillet 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle. Un syndicat de copropri\u00e9taires poursuit le vendeur constructeur d’un immeuble pour divers d\u00e9sordres constat\u00e9s post\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 la livraison. La juridiction examine une fin de non-recevoir fond\u00e9e sur la forclusion de l’action en garantie des vices apparents. Elle se prononce ensuite sur le fond des demandes restantes au titre de la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle de droit commun. Le tribunal d\u00e9clare irrecevables plusieurs demandes pour forclusion et n’accueille qu’une seule pr\u00e9tention indemnitaire sur le fond.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation des r\u00e9gimes de responsabilit\u00e9 du vendeur constructeur<\/p>\n

Le tribunal op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre les r\u00e9gimes applicables aux d\u00e9sordres apparents et aux autres d\u00e9sordres. Il rappelle que les vices ou d\u00e9fauts de conformit\u00e9 apparents \u00e0 la livraison rel\u00e8vent exclusivement de la garantie de l’article 1642-1 du code civil. “Les d\u00e9sordres apparents \u00e0 la livraison qui affectent un immeuble vendu en \u00e9tat futur d\u2019ach\u00e8vement sans rev\u00eatir de gravit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale ou biennale rel\u00e8vent exclusivement de la garantie de l\u2019article 1642-1 du code civil” (Motifs). Cette garantie est assortie d’un d\u00e9lai de forclusion annuel. Le tribunal en d\u00e9duit que la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle de droit commun pour faute prouv\u00e9e n’est pas applicable, m\u00eame \u00e0 titre subsidiaire, \u00e0 ces d\u00e9sordres. Cette solution consacre un r\u00e9gime imp\u00e9ratif et exclusif pour les d\u00e9fauts apparents. Elle prive le ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage de toute action subsidiaire en responsabilit\u00e9 pour faute, prot\u00e9geant ainsi le vendeur constructeur d’une action \u00e0 dur\u00e9e illimit\u00e9e. La port\u00e9e est de clarifier le paysage juridique et d’imposer une vigilance accrue lors de la r\u00e9ception.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation souveraine du caract\u00e8re apparent des d\u00e9sordres<\/p>\n

La qualification de d\u00e9sordre apparent est d\u00e9terminante pour l’application du r\u00e9gime d\u00e9rogatoire de forclusion. Le tribunal fonde son appr\u00e9ciation sur les constatations de l’expert judiciaire. Il rel\u00e8ve que les d\u00e9sordres relatifs \u00e0 l’absence de joint, aux canalisations visibles ou \u00e0 l’absence de signal\u00e9tique “\u00e9taient apparents \u00e0 la livraison” (Motifs). Le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de forclusion est fix\u00e9 au terme d’un mois apr\u00e8s la prise de possession. La demande \u00e9tant intervenue apr\u00e8s l’expiration du d\u00e9lai annal, l’action est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e forclose. Cette analyse suit une jurisprudence constante sur l’exclusivit\u00e9 du r\u00e9gime de l’article 1642-1. Elle en souligne la rigueur en refusant toute action alternative. La valeur de cette solution r\u00e9side dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique qu’elle procure au constructeur. La port\u00e9e pratique est d’inciter les acqu\u00e9reurs \u00e0 un examen minutieux lors de la livraison et \u00e0 agir rapidement.<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’une faute contractuelle prouv\u00e9e pour la responsabilit\u00e9 de droit commun<\/p>\n

Pour les d\u00e9sordres non forclos, le tribunal examine la demande sur le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle de droit commun. Il rappelle que cette action n\u00e9cessite la preuve d’une faute du constructeur. “En l\u2019absence de d\u00e9monstration d\u2019une faute contractuelle \u00e0 l\u2019origine de ce dommage qui lui soit personnellement imputable, la SCCV URBAN\u2019ART ne peut voir sa responsabilit\u00e9 engag\u00e9e” (Motifs). Cette exigence est appliqu\u00e9e strictement pour chaque d\u00e9sordre. Concernant une lasure endommag\u00e9e, le syndicat \u00e9choue \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer l’origine du dommage et la faute du d\u00e9fendeur. Pour des infiltrations d’eau, l’expert attribue la cause \u00e0 des investigations insuffisantes de l’assureur dommages-ouvrage. Le tribunal en d\u00e9duit l’absence de faute prouv\u00e9e du vendeur constructeur. Cette analyse est conforme aux principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle. Elle rappelle que la charge de la preuve p\u00e8se int\u00e9gralement sur le demandeur. La port\u00e9e est de limiter strictement l’engagement du vendeur aux seules fautes qui lui sont directement imputables.<\/p>\n

La condamnation pour inex\u00e9cution des obligations de lev\u00e9e de r\u00e9serves<\/p>\n

Le tribunal retient la responsabilit\u00e9 du vendeur constructeur pour un seul d\u00e9sordre. Il s’agit d’un d\u00e9faut de finition sur une porte remplac\u00e9e suite \u00e0 une r\u00e9serve. “La SCCV URBAN\u2019ART, tenue de faire r\u00e9aliser les travaux de lev\u00e9e des r\u00e9serves, a manqu\u00e9 \u00e0 son obligation contractuelle de s\u2019assurer de leur r\u00e9alisation efficiente et exempte de d\u00e9fauts” (Motifs). La faute consiste en un manquement \u00e0 l’obligation de r\u00e9sultat li\u00e9e \u00e0 la lev\u00e9e des r\u00e9serves. Le constructeur ne peut se d\u00e9charger en invoquant l’intervention d’un sous-traitant. Cette solution affirme l’\u00e9tendue des obligations du ma\u00eetre d’ouvrage. Elle rejoint la jurisprudence selon laquelle “cette responsabilit\u00e9 suppose la preuve d’une faute du constructeur, laquelle proc\u00e8de d’une inex\u00e9cution ou ex\u00e9cution d\u00e9fectueuse du contrat de louage d’ouvrage” (Cour d’appel de Bourges, le 6 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b024\/01066). La valeur de la d\u00e9cision est de prot\u00e9ger l’acqu\u00e9reur contre les d\u00e9fauts persistants apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9ception. La port\u00e9e est de maintenir une obligation de r\u00e9sultat sur la parfaite ex\u00e9cution des travaux de r\u00e9serves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Bordeaux, dans un jugement du 10 juillet 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle. Un syndicat de copropri\u00e9taire…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ed3f9c0da7cb996dc8e95d","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ed3f9c0da7cb996dc8e95d","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ed3f9c0da7cb996dc8e95d","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Bordeaux","_kj_chambre":"7\u00e8me CHAMBRE CIVILE","_kj_rg":"23\/08447","_kj_date":"2025-10-10","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-636254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Bordeaux, le 10 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/08447 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Bordeaux, dans un jugement du 10 juillet 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle. 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L\u2019affaire concernait...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dmitrij-paskevic-YjVa-F9P9kk-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dmitrij-paskevic-YjVa-F9P9kk-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dmitrij-paskevic-YjVa-F9P9kk-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dmitrij-paskevic-YjVa-F9P9kk-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dmitrij-paskevic-YjVa-F9P9kk-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/dmitrij-paskevic-YjVa-F9P9kk-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=636254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=636254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=636254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=636254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}