{"id":636814,"date":"2026-04-21T15:07:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-5-fevrier-2025-n24-02759\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T15:07:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T13:07:24","slug":"cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-5-fevrier-2025-n24-02759","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-5-fevrier-2025-n24-02759\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Colmar, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/02759"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel de Colmar, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, statue sur un appel form\u00e9 contre une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. L’affaire oppose les ma\u00eetres d’ouvrage au constructeur de leur maison individuelle concernant des d\u00e9sordres. La juridiction d’appel se prononce sur l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e de travaux et l’allocation d’une provision. Elle infirme partiellement la d\u00e9cision premi\u00e8re instance en pr\u00e9cisant les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation des pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s
\nLe juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s ne peut ordonner l’ex\u00e9cution que d’obligations non s\u00e9rieusement contestables. La cour rappelle le fondement l\u00e9gal de cette comp\u00e9tence particuli\u00e8re. “Selon l’article 835, alin\u00e9a 2 du code civil, le pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire peut, dans les cas o\u00f9 l’existence de l’obligation n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable, accorder une provision au cr\u00e9ancier, ou ordonner l’ex\u00e9cution de l’obligation m\u00eame s’il s’agit d’une obligation de faire” (Motifs, point 3). L’application de ce texte exige une appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te des \u00e9l\u00e9ments du litige.<\/p>\n

La cour op\u00e8re ainsi un tri entre les obligations incontestables et celles qui sont discutables. Pour trois r\u00e9serves pr\u00e9cis\u00e9es au proc\u00e8s-verbal de r\u00e9ception, l’obligation de reprise “n’appara\u00eet dans ces conditions pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable” (Motifs, point 3-1). En revanche, concernant le stabilisateur de gravier, la cour rel\u00e8ve une “contestation s\u00e9rieuse quant \u00e0 la lev\u00e9e de cette r\u00e9serve” (Motifs, point 3-1). Cette distinction rappelle que le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ne permet pas de trancher un litige sur le fond mais seulement d’imposer les \u00e9vidences.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est de circonscrire strictement l’office du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. La d\u00e9cision illustre que l’existence d’un d\u00e9bat sur l’origine d’un d\u00e9sordre ou l’\u00e9tendue des travaux n\u00e9cessaires interdit une injonction. Elle rejoint ainsi une jurisprudence constante sur les limites de l’article 835 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. L’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 reste l’exception pour les obligations dont la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est manifeste.<\/p>\n

L’exclusion cumulative de l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e et de la provision
\nLa solution retenue d\u00e9montre l’incompatibilit\u00e9 entre deux demandes simultan\u00e9es. La cour estime que le cr\u00e9ancier ne peut cumuler une demande d’ex\u00e9cution en nature et une demande de provision. “Les \u00e9poux [P] ne peuvent demander \u00e0 la fois la r\u00e9alisation des travaux n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la lev\u00e9e des r\u00e9serves et une provision \u00e0 valoir sur le co\u00fbt de ces travaux” (Motifs, point 3-2). Cette position repose sur une interpr\u00e9tation logique des finalit\u00e9s distinctes de ces mesures.<\/p>\n

La provision allou\u00e9e en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 doit conserver un caract\u00e8re strictement provisionnel. Elle n’est justifi\u00e9e que pour faire face \u00e0 des besoins urgents ou en l’absence d’ex\u00e9cution possible. Lorsque le juge ordonne l’ex\u00e9cution m\u00eame de l’obligation, l’allocation d’une somme d’argent perd sa raison d’\u00eatre. La cour infirme donc l’ordonnance sur ce point, rejetant la demande de provision. Cette analyse rejoint celle d’autres juridictions sur la nature de la provision.<\/p>\n

“Si le montant de la provision allou\u00e9e en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 n\u2019a d\u2019autre limite que le montant non s\u00e9rieusement contestable de la dette all\u00e9gu\u00e9e, il doit conserver un caract\u00e8re provisionnel” (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 23 mars 2026, n\u00b026\/50727). La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est de clarifier le r\u00e9gime des demandes cumul\u00e9es en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle emp\u00eache le cr\u00e9ancier d’obtenir \u00e0 la fois la chose due et une avance financi\u00e8re correspondante. Cette solution pr\u00e9serve la nature provisoire et urgente de la proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Colmar, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, statue sur un appel form\u00e9 contre une ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. 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