{"id":646036,"date":"2026-04-22T08:58:59","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T06:58:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-9-decembre-2025-n25-01921\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T08:58:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T06:58:59","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-9-decembre-2025-n25-01921","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-etienne-le-9-decembre-2025-n25-01921\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne, le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b025\/01921"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire, se prononce sur une demande en constatation de r\u00e9siliation de bail pour impay\u00e9s. Il examine la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et les conditions d’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire. La d\u00e9cision constate la r\u00e9siliation tout en suspendant ses effets et en accordant des d\u00e9lais de paiement au locataire d\u00e9faillant. Elle rejette par ailleurs une demande de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats formul\u00e9e par le bailleur.<\/p>\n

La confirmation des conditions de recevabilit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie d’abord le strict respect des formalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 l’action en r\u00e9siliation. Il rel\u00e8ve qu’une copie de l’assignation a \u00e9t\u00e9 notifi\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9fecture plus de deux mois avant l’audience. Cette notification est exig\u00e9e “conform\u00e9ment aux dispositions de l’article 24 III de la loi n\u00b089-462 du 06 juillet 1989” (SUR LA RECEVABILITE DE LA DEMANDE). La jurisprudence rappelle cette exigence sous peine d’irrecevabilit\u00e9. “En application des dispositions de l’article 24 I et III de la loi n\u00b089-462 du 6 juillet 1989, le bailleur (…) doit justifier, \u00e0 peine d’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de sa demande, de la notification de l’assignation au repr\u00e9sentant de l’Etat dans le d\u00e9partement au moins deux mois avant l’audience” (Cour d’appel de appel d’Aix-en-Provence, le 27 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/05491). Le bailleur a \u00e9galement inform\u00e9 l’organisme payeur des aides, ce qui vaut saisine de la commission comp\u00e9tente. Le respect de ces obligations conditionne l’acc\u00e8s au juge et prot\u00e8ge le locataire contre une expulsion brutale. La d\u00e9cision affirme ainsi le caract\u00e8re d’ordre public de ces r\u00e8gles protectrices.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du d\u00e9lai applicable \u00e0 la clause r\u00e9solutoire<\/p>\n

Le c\u0153ur du litige concerne le d\u00e9lai apr\u00e8s lequel la clause r\u00e9solutoire est acquise. Le contrat pr\u00e9voyait un d\u00e9lai de deux mois apr\u00e8s un commandement infructueux. La loi modifi\u00e9e en 2023 impose d\u00e9sormais un d\u00e9lai de six semaines. Le juge \u00e9carte l’application imm\u00e9diate de la nouvelle loi au contrat en cours. Il invoque le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi nouvelle. “la loi du 27 juillet 2023 ne comprend pas de disposition d\u00e9rogeant \u00e0 l\u2019article 2 du code civil, selon lequel la loi ne dispose que pour l\u2019avenir et n\u2019a point d\u2019effet r\u00e9troactif” (SUR LA DEMANDE DE SUSPENSION DE LA CLAUSE RESOLUTOIRE). La solution pr\u00e9serve la force obligatoire du contrat et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique. Appliquer le nouveau d\u00e9lai reviendrait \u00e0 une r\u00e9faction du contrat non voulue par le l\u00e9gislateur. Le juge constate donc que la clause est acquise deux mois apr\u00e8s le commandement, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la stipulation contractuelle. Cette analyse consacre la primaut\u00e9 de la convention sur la loi nouvelle pour les contrats en cours.<\/p>\n

L’am\u00e9nagement judiciaire des cons\u00e9quences de l’inex\u00e9cution<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 la constatation de la r\u00e9siliation, le juge use de son pouvoir d’am\u00e9nager les effets de la clause. Il accorde des d\u00e9lais de paiement sur le fondement de l’article 24 de la loi de 1989. “le juge peut, \u00e0 la demande du locataire, du bailleur ou d’office, \u00e0 la condition que le locataire soit en situation de r\u00e9gler sa dette locative et qu’il ait repris le versement int\u00e9gral du loyer courant avant la date de l’audience, accorder des d\u00e9lais de paiement” (SUR LA DEMANDE DE SUSPENSION DE LA CLAUSE RESOLUTOIRE). Il suspend ensuite les effets de la clause r\u00e9solutoire pendant la dur\u00e9e des d\u00e9lais accord\u00e9s. Ce pouvoir de suspension est express\u00e9ment pr\u00e9vu par la loi. “L’article 24-VII de la m\u00eame loi pr\u00e9voit que pendant le cours des d\u00e9lais accord\u00e9s, les effets de la clause de r\u00e9siliation de plein droit peuvent \u00eatre suspendus” (Cour d’appel de appel de Rouen, le 13 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/01462). Cette suspension est conditionn\u00e9e \u00e0 la reprise du paiement du loyer courant et \u00e0 l’accord du bailleur. Le juge op\u00e8re ainsi une conciliation entre le droit du cr\u00e9ancier et la protection du logement du d\u00e9biteur.<\/p>\n

Le rejet de la demande indemnitaire pour absence de faute<\/p>\n

Le bailleur demandait \u00e9galement la condamnation du locataire \u00e0 des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le juge rejette cette demande au motif qu’aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment ne d\u00e9montre une r\u00e9sistance abusive. Il pr\u00e9cise que le seul d\u00e9faut de paiement ne suffit pas \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser une telle faute. “la r\u00e9sistance abusive ne peut uniquement \u00eatre d\u00e9duite du d\u00e9faut de paiement des loyers” (SUR LA DEMANDE EN PAIEMENT DE DOMMAGES-INTERETS). Cette solution rappelle que l’inex\u00e9cution contractuelle, m\u00eame persistante, n’est pas n\u00e9cessairement fautive au sens de l’article 1231-1 du code civil. Elle prot\u00e8ge le locataire d\u00e9j\u00e0 vuln\u00e9rable \u00e9conomiquement contre des poursuites indemnitaires additionnelles. Le juge limite ainsi la sanction \u00e0 l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e en nature, soit le paiement des sommes dues et l’expulsion ult\u00e9rieure en cas de nouveau d\u00e9faut. Cette approche restrictive de la faute est coh\u00e9rente avec l’\u00e9conomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du texte protecteur.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision r\u00e9side dans l’affirmation du principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi de 2023. Elle s\u00e9curise les relations contractuelles en cours en maintenant les d\u00e9lais conventionnels. La valeur de l’arr\u00eat tient \u00e0 la conciliation op\u00e9r\u00e9e entre la force obligatoire du contrat et les pouvoirs d’adaptation du juge. En suspendant les effets de la r\u00e9siliation, il donne une chance au maintien dans les lieux. Cette d\u00e9cision illustre le r\u00f4le social du juge des contentieux de la protection, qui doit veiller \u00e0 la proportionnalit\u00e9 de la sanction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire, se prononce sur une demande en constatation de r\u00e9siliation de bail pou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6946451375782d5f06e8be80","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6946451375782d5f06e8be80","_kj_judilibre_id":"6946451375782d5f06e8be80","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne","_kj_chambre":"4 \u00e8me Chambre civile","_kj_rg":"25\/01921","_kj_date":"2025-12-09","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-646036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne, le 9 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b025\/01921 - 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