{"id":655076,"date":"2026-04-23T04:32:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:32:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-5-fevrier-2025-n21-06145\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T04:32:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:32:07","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-5-fevrier-2025-n21-06145","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-5-fevrier-2025-n21-06145\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b021\/06145"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Cour d\u2019appel de Paris, chambre sociale, statuant sur un pourvoi, rend un arr\u00eat le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025. Un salari\u00e9 contestait la validit\u00e9 de son licenciement \u00e9conomique cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 une fermeture de site, invoquant une discrimination indirecte. La cour casse l\u2019arr\u00eat d\u2019appel pour violation de l\u2019article L. 1134-1 du code du travail et renvoie l\u2019affaire. Elle pr\u00e9cise les conditions de preuve en mati\u00e8re de discrimination et les crit\u00e8res d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de la cause \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

La preuve de la discrimination indirecte et le renversement de la charge<\/p>\n

Le juge doit d\u2019abord v\u00e9rifier la mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments invoqu\u00e9s par le salari\u00e9. Il appr\u00e9cie ensuite si ces faits laissent supposer l\u2019existence d\u2019une discrimination. La cour rappelle la d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de la discrimination indirecte. “quand une disposition, un crit\u00e8re ou une pratique, neutre en apparence, est susceptible d’entra\u00eener, pour l’un des motifs invoqu\u00e9s par la loi, un d\u00e9savantage particulier pour des personnes par rapport \u00e0 d’autres personnes, \u00e0 moins que cette disposition, ce crit\u00e8re ou cette pratique ne soient objectivement justifi\u00e9s par un but l\u00e9gitime et que les moyens pour r\u00e9aliser ce but ne soient n\u00e9cessaires et appropri\u00e9s.” (Motifs) L\u2019intention discriminatoire n\u2019est pas requise, seul l\u2019effet disproportionn\u00e9 importe.<\/p>\n

La charge de la preuve p\u00e8se d\u2019abord sur le salari\u00e9, puis sur l\u2019employeur. Le salari\u00e9 doit pr\u00e9senter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fait laissant supposer l\u2019existence d\u2019une discrimination. “Au vu de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, il incombe \u00e0 la partie d\u00e9fenderesse de prouver que sa d\u00e9cision est justifi\u00e9e par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments objectifs \u00e9trangers \u00e0 toute discrimination.” (Motifs) La cour d\u2019appel a viol\u00e9 ce principe en exigeant une preuve irr\u00e9futable du salari\u00e9. Cette jurisprudence renforce l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 la non-discrimination. Elle aligne le droit judiciaire sur la r\u00e8gle \u00e9nonc\u00e9e par la Chambre sociale. “Au vu de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, il incombe \u00e0 la partie d\u00e9fenderesse de prouver que sa d\u00e9cision est justifi\u00e9e par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments objectifs \u00e9trangers \u00e0 toute discrimination.” (Cass. Chambre sociale, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b023-15.776)<\/p>\n

La justification \u00e9conomique et l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation au niveau pertinent<\/p>\n

L\u2019employeur peut justifier sa d\u00e9cision par un motif \u00e9conomique l\u00e9gitime. La cause \u00e9conomique du licenciement s\u2019appr\u00e9cie au niveau du secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9 du groupe. “Les difficult\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques, les mutations technologiques ou la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de sauvegarder la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 de l’entreprise s’appr\u00e9cient au niveau de cette entreprise si elle n’appartient pas \u00e0 un groupe et, dans le cas contraire, au niveau du secteur d’activit\u00e9 commun au sien et \u00e0 celui des entreprises du groupe auquel elle appartient, \u00e9tablies sur le territoire national.” (Motifs) Le territoire national inclut l\u2019outre-mer, sauf si le secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9 y est distinct.<\/p>\n

L\u2019employeur doit d\u00e9montrer que son analyse \u00e9conomique couvre ce p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre l\u00e9gal. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, la cour rel\u00e8ve que l\u2019employeur a restreint son analyse \u00e0 la m\u00e9tropole. Elle estime que le march\u00e9 de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision payante y est similaire \u00e0 celui de l\u2019outre-mer. L\u2019employeur ne justifie donc pas pleinement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de la restructuration. Cette insuffisance emp\u00eache de prouver l\u2019absence de lien avec la discrimination pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e. La d\u00e9cision souligne ainsi la rigueur exig\u00e9e dans la d\u00e9monstration de la cause \u00e9conomique. Elle conditionne la lic\u00e9it\u00e9 d\u2019une mesure collective \u00e0 une analyse \u00e9conomique compl\u00e8te et pertinente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d\u2019appel de Paris, chambre sociale, statuant sur un pourvoi, rend un arr\u00eat le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025. Un salari\u00e9 contestait la validit\u00e9 de son licenciement \u00e9cono…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68df5a3921a269c127203a9e","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68df5a3921a269c127203a9e","_kj_judilibre_id":"68df5a3921a269c127203a9e","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 6 - Chambre 3","_kj_rg":"21\/06145","_kj_date":"2025-10-01","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-655076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b021\/06145 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cour d\u2019appel de Paris, chambre sociale, statuant sur un pourvoi, rend un arr\u00eat le 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025. 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