{"id":656766,"date":"2026-04-23T07:52:47","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-19-juin-2025-n24-01793\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:52:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:52:47","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-19-juin-2025-n24-01793","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-19-juin-2025-n24-01793\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 19 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/01793"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 19 juin 2025, statue sur un litige relatif \u00e0 une formation. Une personne ayant pay\u00e9 une somme importante pour une formation en r\u00e9clame le remboursement, invoquant un d\u00e9faut d’information et l’inopposabilit\u00e9 des clauses contractuelles. Le prestataire soutient quant \u00e0 lui l’existence d’un contrat parfaitement form\u00e9 et ex\u00e9cut\u00e9. Le tribunal doit d\u00e9terminer si le code de la consommation est applicable et si un contrat liant les parties a \u00e9t\u00e9 valablement form\u00e9. Il accueille la demande en remboursement.<\/p>\n

L’applicabilit\u00e9 du droit de la consommation au contentieux<\/p>\n

La qualification des parties au contrat. Le tribunal \u00e9carte d’embl\u00e9e l’argument du prestataire sur la finalit\u00e9 professionnelle de la formation. Il se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 une jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation pour en restreindre la port\u00e9e. “Une jurisprudence r\u00e9cente de la premi\u00e8re chambre civile de la Cour de cassation donne une lecture restrictive de l\u2019applicabilit\u00e9 du code de la consommation aux stagiaires d\u2019une formation professionnelle” (Motifs). La d\u00e9cision distingue l’esp\u00e8ce de cette jurisprudence, notant que la demanderesse n’avait pas la qualit\u00e9 de stagiaire au sens de cet arr\u00eat. Le tribunal en d\u00e9duit donc l’applicabilit\u00e9 du code de la consommation, prot\u00e9geant ainsi la partie en position de faiblesse. Cette analyse affirme une protection large du consommateur, d\u00e8s lors que l’activit\u00e9 n’entre pas strictement dans le cadre d’une formation professionnelle qualifiante.<\/p>\n

Les conditions d’opposabilit\u00e9 des clauses contractuelles. Le tribunal applique les principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux du code de la consommation relatifs \u00e0 la transparence et \u00e0 l’acceptation des conditions. Il rappelle une exigence probatoire stricte pour le professionnel. “Il est de jurisprudence constante que les conditions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales d’un contrat ne sont opposables au cocontractant qu’\u00e0 la condition d’avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9es \u00e0 la connaissance de celui-ci et accept\u00e9es” (Motifs). Le prestataire ne parvient pas \u00e0 rapporter cette preuve, malgr\u00e9 l’existence de paiements et d’\u00e9changes. La solution consacre le formalisme informatif protecteur, en faisant peser sur le professionnel la charge de prouver la communication effective du contrat. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence constante sur l’opposabilit\u00e9 des clauses non port\u00e9es \u00e0 la connaissance du consommateur.<\/p>\n

L’absence de formation valable du contrat<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9faut de consentement \u00e9clair\u00e9. Le tribunal examine les \u00e9l\u00e9ments avanc\u00e9s pour d\u00e9montrer la rencontre des volont\u00e9s. Il constate l’absence d’un document contractuel formel et l’insuffisance des autres indices. “Il n\u2019est pas produit aux d\u00e9bats un contrat de formation qui aurait li\u00e9” les parties (Motifs). Les simples SMS et le paiement ne suffisent pas \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un consentement libre et \u00e9clair\u00e9 sur des modalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9cises. Le tribunal souligne ainsi que l’ex\u00e9cution mat\u00e9rielle, sans cadre contractuel clair, ne vaut pas acceptation des termes inconnus. Cette analyse prot\u00e8ge le consentement en exigeant une information pr\u00e9alable et compl\u00e8te sur l’\u00e9tendue de l’engagement.<\/p>\n

La sanction de l’inex\u00e9cution et ses cons\u00e9quences. Faute de contrat valablement form\u00e9, le tribunal ne peut que constater l’absence de base l\u00e9gale \u00e0 la prestation. Le prestataire \u00e9choue \u00e0 prouver la r\u00e9alisation de la formation selon des termes convenus. “Monsieur [F] n\u2019apportant pas les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisants attestant de la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019une formation contractuellement arr\u00eat\u00e9e” (Motifs). La r\u00e9solution judiciaire et le remboursement int\u00e9gral s’imposent. La d\u00e9cision sanctionne ainsi le d\u00e9faut de formalisation du contrat, qui prive le professionnel de tout droit \u00e0 conservation du prix. Elle rappelle que la charge de la preuve de l’ex\u00e9cution repose sur celui qui l’invoque, surtout en l’absence de cadre contractuel d\u00e9fini.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 19 juin 2025, statue sur un litige relatif \u00e0 une formation. 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