{"id":662295,"date":"2026-04-23T19:03:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T17:03:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-20-novembre-2025-n24-00058\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T19:03:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T17:03:13","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-20-novembre-2025-n24-00058","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-20-novembre-2025-n24-00058\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 20 novembre 2025, n\u00b024\/00058"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en la forme des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, a rendu une ordonnance le 20 novembre 2025. Un justiciable avait engag\u00e9 une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contre l’assureur de son ancien avocat. L’assureur soulevait une fin de non-recevoir tir\u00e9e de la prescription quinquennale et de la caducit\u00e9. Le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat devait d\u00e9terminer le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai de prescription de cette action directe. Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’action recevable et rejet\u00e9 les exceptions soulev\u00e9es par l’assureur.<\/p>\n

Le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription de l’action directe<\/p>\n

Le juge pr\u00e9cise d’abord le r\u00e9gime de la prescription de l’action contre un avocat. Il rappelle le texte applicable en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9lai sp\u00e9cial. “l\u2019action en responsabilit\u00e9 dirig\u00e9e contre les personnes ayant repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ou assist\u00e9 des parties en justice, y compris \u00e0 raison de la perte ou de la destruction des pi\u00e8ces qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confi\u00e9es, se prescrit par cinq ans \u00e0 compter de la fin de leur mission.” (article 2225 du Code civil). Le sens de cette disposition est d’offrir une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique aux auxiliaires de justice apr\u00e8s l’accomplissement de leur mission.<\/p>\n

La juridiction en d\u00e9duit ensuite le point de d\u00e9part pr\u00e9cis pour l’esp\u00e8ce. Elle retient que la mission s’est termin\u00e9e apr\u00e8s un jugement du 19 d\u00e9cembre 2016. Le d\u00e9lai court donc \u00e0 compter de l’expiration du d\u00e9lai de recours contre cette d\u00e9cision. Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence r\u00e9cente de la Cour de cassation. “Il y a lieu de d\u00e9duire d\u00e9sormais de la combinaison des textes pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s que le d\u00e9lai de prescription de l’action en responsabilit\u00e9 du client contre son avocat, au titre des fautes commises dans l’ex\u00e9cution de sa mission, court \u00e0 compter de l’expiration du d\u00e9lai de recours contre la d\u00e9cision ayant termin\u00e9 l’instance pour laquelle il avait re\u00e7u mandat” (Cass. Premi\u00e8re chambre civile, le 14 juin 2023, n\u00b022-17.520). La port\u00e9e est de clarifier un point de droit pratique pour les praticiens.<\/p>\n

L’autonomie de l’action directe contre l’assureur<\/p>\n

Le juge affirme ensuite l’ind\u00e9pendance de l’action de la victime contre l’assureur. Il reconna\u00eet le fondement l\u00e9gal de cette action particuli\u00e8re. “le tiers l\u00e9s\u00e9 dispose d\u2019un droit d\u2019action directe \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de l\u2019assureur garantissant la responsabilit\u00e9 civile de la personne responsable.” (article L124-3 du code des assurances). La valeur de ce droit est de faciliter l’indemnisation de la victime sans attendre la mise en cause du responsable.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision en pr\u00e9cise les cons\u00e9quences sur le r\u00e9gime de la prescription. Elle \u00e9tablit que l’action directe suit le m\u00eame d\u00e9lai que l’action contre le responsable. “l\u2019action directe de la victime se prescrit par le m\u00eame d\u00e9lai que l\u2019action de la victime contre le responsable sachant qu\u2019elle n\u2019est pas subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 la mise en cause de l\u2019assur\u00e9.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette solution est coh\u00e9rente avec la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation. “Si l’action de la victime contre l’assureur de responsabilit\u00e9, institu\u00e9e par le troisi\u00e8me de ces textes, trouve son fondement dans le droit de celle-ci \u00e0 obtenir r\u00e9paration de son pr\u00e9judice et ob\u00e9it, en principe, au m\u00eame d\u00e9lai de prescription que son action contre le responsable” (Cass. Troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 14 septembre 2023, n\u00b022-21.493). La port\u00e9e est de prot\u00e9ger la victime contre les al\u00e9as proc\u00e9duraux concernant le responsable.<\/p>\n

Le rejet des incidents dilatoires et des demandes accessoires<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision \u00e9carte enfin la demande de sanction pour incident dilatoire. Le juge rappelle les conditions strictes de cette condamnation particuli\u00e8re. “cette demande suppose la d\u00e9monstration, d\u2019une faute, d\u2019un dommage et d\u2019un lien de causalit\u00e9 entre la faute et le dommage” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La simple erreur dans le calcul d’un d\u00e9lai ne constitue pas une intention dilatoire. La valeur de cette analyse est de pr\u00e9server le droit de soulever une fin de non-recevoir en tout \u00e9tat de cause.<\/p>\n

L’ordonnance rejette \u00e9galement la demande de provision ad litem pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par le demandeur. Elle estime que cette demande n’est pas justifi\u00e9e en l’esp\u00e8ce. Le juge alloue cependant une somme au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Les assureurs succombants sont condamn\u00e9s in solidum \u00e0 payer deux mille euros. La port\u00e9e pratique est de compenser partiellement les frais expos\u00e9s pour cet incident de proc\u00e9dure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant en la forme des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s, a rendu une ordonnance le 20 novembre 2025. 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