{"id":664524,"date":"2026-04-23T22:51:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T20:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-25-septembre-2025-n24-02450\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T21:21:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T19:21:11","slug":"cour-dappel-le-25-septembre-2025-n24-02450","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/cour-dappel-le-25-septembre-2025-n24-02450\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/02450"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La cour d’appel, statuant en mati\u00e8re civile, a rendu un arr\u00eat le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer] concernant un litige opposant une ancienne salari\u00e9e \u00e0 son employeur. L’affaire portait sur la validit\u00e9 d’un commandement de payer<\/a> d\u00e9livr\u00e9 pour recouvrer des cr\u00e9ances salariales issues de d\u00e9cisions de justice ant\u00e9rieures. La juridiction d’appel a infirm\u00e9 le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance qui avait prononc\u00e9 la nullit\u00e9 de l’acte d’ex\u00e9cution. Elle a \u00e9galement accord\u00e9 des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour proc\u00e9dure abusive et une indemnit\u00e9 au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile \u00e0 la salari\u00e9e, tout en condamnant la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 aux d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e du titre ex\u00e9cutoire et son interpr\u00e9tation<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination de la force ex\u00e9cutoire du titre<\/p>\n

Le litige principal concernait la nature ex\u00e9cutoire des d\u00e9cisions judiciaires fixant des cr\u00e9ances salariales. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 soutenait que les arr\u00eats ne la condamnaient pas formellement au paiement mais fixaient seulement les sommes au passif de la proc\u00e9dure collective<\/a>. La cour a rappel\u00e9 les principes r\u00e9gissant l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e, pr\u00e9cisant que le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution ne peut modifier le dispositif de la d\u00e9cision fondant les poursuites. “Toutefois, si le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution ne peut, sous pr\u00e9texte d’interpr\u00e9ter la d\u00e9cision dont l’ex\u00e9cution est poursuivie, en modifier les dispositions pr\u00e9cises, il lui appartient d’en fixer le sens.” (Motifs). En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’analyse des dispositifs a conduit la cour \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer que l’obligation de payer \u00e9tait claire, rendant les sommes liquides et exigibles.<\/p>\n

La valeur de cette analyse r\u00e9side dans la distinction op\u00e9r\u00e9e entre la forme et le fond d’une d\u00e9cision. La cour affirme que l’absence du terme “condamner” dans le dispositif n’\u00f4te pas son caract\u00e8re ex\u00e9cutoire \u00e0 l’obligation de payer qui en d\u00e9coule. Cette interpr\u00e9tation restrictive \u00e9vite aux cr\u00e9anciers de voir leur droit \u00e0 l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e paralys\u00e9 par des arguties formelles. Elle renforce ainsi l’effectivit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions de justice, particuli\u00e8rement cruciale en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9ances salariales.<\/p>\n

L’articulation avec les proc\u00e9dures collectives<\/p>\n

La seconde difficult\u00e9 \u00e9tait l’impact de l’ouverture d’une proc\u00e9dure collective ant\u00e9rieure sur le recouvrement. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 arguait que les cr\u00e9ances devaient \u00eatre r\u00e9gl\u00e9es dans ce cadre. La cour a constat\u00e9 que les cr\u00e9ances litigieuses \u00e9taient post\u00e9rieures au jugement d’ouverture. Elle a donc appliqu\u00e9 l’article L622-17 du code de commerce, qui pr\u00e9voit le paiement imm\u00e9diat de telles cr\u00e9ances. La cour a ainsi \u00e9cart\u00e9 le principe de l’arr\u00eat des poursuites individuelles, permettant l’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e directement contre la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9sormais “in bonis”.<\/p>\n

Cette solution pr\u00e9cise le r\u00e9gime des cr\u00e9ances n\u00e9es apr\u00e8s l’ouverture d’une proc\u00e9dure collective. Elle rappelle utilement que leur traitement \u00e9chappe \u00e0 la logique collective d\u00e8s lors que le d\u00e9biteur retrouve sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 g\u00e9rer son patrimoine. La port\u00e9e est significative pour les salari\u00e9s, garantissant le recouvrement direct de leurs salaires sans passer par le filtre souvent long et incertain de la proc\u00e9dure collective, d\u00e8s lors que les conditions l\u00e9gales sont remplies.<\/p>\n

La sanction des comportements proc\u00e9duraux abusifs<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation de la proc\u00e9dure abusive<\/p>\n

La cour a \u00e9t\u00e9 amen\u00e9e \u00e0 statuer sur une demande de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour r\u00e9sistance abusive. L’ancienne salari\u00e9e invoquait le pr\u00e9judice moral d\u00e9coulant de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mener une nouvelle proc\u00e9dure pour recouvrer des cr\u00e9ances d\u00e9finitives. La cour a rappel\u00e9 le principe de la libert\u00e9 d’agir en justice et les conditions de son d\u00e9tournement en abus. “Celui qui agit en justice de mani\u00e8re dilatoire ou abusive peut \u00eatre condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats.” (Motifs). Elle a retenu la mauvaise foi de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qui soutenait des arguments contradictoires pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 ses obligations.<\/p>\n

La valeur de ce raisonnement tient \u00e0 l’appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te de la faute proc\u00e9durale. La cour rel\u00e8ve non seulement la dilatoire, mais aussi la contradiction dans les arguments de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, d\u00e9montrant une volont\u00e9 d’entraver l’ex\u00e9cution. Cette approche restrictive de l’abus de droit prot\u00e8ge le justiciable de bonne foi tout en dissuadant les man\u0153uvres destin\u00e9es \u00e0 retarder ind\u00fbment l’ex\u00e9cution d’une d\u00e9cision de justice. Elle sert de garde-fou contre l’instrumentalisation des voies de recours.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice et la condamnation aux frais<\/p>\n

Outre les dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour proc\u00e9dure abusive, la cour a accord\u00e9 une indemnit\u00e9 distincte sur le fondement de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle a infirm\u00e9 la condamnation prononc\u00e9e contre la salari\u00e9e en premi\u00e8re instance et l’a invers\u00e9e au profit de celle-ci. La cour a \u00e9galement condamn\u00e9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, partie perdante, aux d\u00e9pens de l’ensemble des instances. Cette condamnation globale vise \u00e0 r\u00e9parer int\u00e9gralement le pr\u00e9judice subi du fait des frais de justice expos\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette double condamnation, \u00e0 la fois sur le fondement du droit commun de la responsabilit\u00e9 et sur celui des frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles, est notable. Elle marque la d\u00e9sapprobation du juge \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard d’un comportement processuel fautif et en compense toutes les cons\u00e9quences financi\u00e8res pour la victime. Cette solution aligne la sanction sur la gravit\u00e9 de l’abus, renfor\u00e7ant l’id\u00e9e que le proc\u00e8s doit rester un moyen de trancher les litiges et non un instrument de pression ou de retardement. Elle rejoint l’esprit d’une jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure qui sanctionne l’absence de fondement s\u00e9rieux d’une action.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel, statuant en mati\u00e8re civile, a rendu un arr\u00eat le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer] concernant un litige opposant une ancienne salari\u00e9e \u00e0 son employeur. L’affa…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d62197fd95ebd9ab3854aa","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d62197fd95ebd9ab3854aa","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d62197fd95ebd9ab3854aa","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Pau","_kj_chambre":"2\u00e8me CH - Section 1","_kj_rg":"24\/02450","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7096,35581,6708,7597,6364,6991],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-664524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-code-des-assurances","category-droit-des-affaires","category-droit-penal","category-jurisprudence","category-penal","category-penal-2"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/02450 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cour d'appel, statuant en mati\u00e8re civile, a rendu un arr\u00eat le [date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer] concernant un litige opposant une ancienne salari\u00e9e \u00e0 son employeur. 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