{"id":665972,"date":"2026-04-24T00:46:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T22:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-24-septembre-2025-n23-05368\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T00:46:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T22:46:16","slug":"cour-dappel-le-24-septembre-2025-n23-05368","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/cour-dappel-le-24-septembre-2025-n23-05368\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 24 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/05368"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel, statuant en dernier ressort, infirme partiellement un jugement concernant un licenciement au sein d’une association. Elle examine la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l’auteur de la rupture et ses cons\u00e9quences indemnitaires. La solution retenue est l’absence de cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse due \u00e0 une irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 dans le pouvoir de licencier.<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence pour licencier dans une association
\nLa d\u00e9termination de l’auteur habilit\u00e9 est une condition essentielle de la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du licenciement. La jurisprudence \u00e9tablit clairement le principe de comp\u00e9tence du pr\u00e9sident de l’association. “Lorsque l’employeur est une association, le pouvoir de licencier appartient normalement au pr\u00e9sident de l’association puisque celui-ci est le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal aupr\u00e8s des tiers pour tous les actes de la vie sociale” (Cour d’appel, le 14 janvier 2025, n\u00b024\/00223). Ce principe conna\u00eet une exception importante li\u00e9e aux statuts de l’entit\u00e9 employeuse. La comp\u00e9tence peut \u00eatre d\u00e9volue \u00e0 un autre organe si les statuts le pr\u00e9voient express\u00e9ment, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut de quoi elle revient au pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n

L’application de ces principes \u00e0 l’esp\u00e8ce r\u00e9v\u00e8le une double irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale. Les statuts de l’association d\u00e9signent le pr\u00e9sident comme son repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal pour les actes civils. Ils pr\u00e9voient une possibilit\u00e9 de substitution par un membre du comit\u00e9 de direction sp\u00e9cialement habilit\u00e9. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la proc\u00e9dure de licenciement fut conduite par la tr\u00e9sori\u00e8re, membre du comit\u00e9. Aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment ne permet d’\u00e9tablir que le comit\u00e9 de direction s’est prononc\u00e9 en faveur du licenciement. Le propre courrier de l’int\u00e9ress\u00e9e \u00e9tant insuffisant \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser cette habilitation. Ainsi, l’acte de licenciement \u00e9mane d’une personne d\u00e9pourvue du pouvoir requis.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences indemnitaires du licenciement irr\u00e9gulier
\nL’absence de cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse ouvre droit \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique pr\u00e9vue par le code du travail. Le juge appr\u00e9cie souverainement le montant de cette indemnit\u00e9 en fonction de crit\u00e8res pr\u00e9cis. Il doit consid\u00e9rer la situation particuli\u00e8re du salari\u00e9, son \u00e2ge, et les circonstances \u00e9conomiques de la rupture. Sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 retrouver un emploi compte tenu de sa formation est \u00e9galement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9terminant. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la cour a fix\u00e9 cette indemnit\u00e9 \u00e0 trois mois de salaire brut.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, la qualification du licenciement sans cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse a des effets sur les autres demandes indemnitaires. Elle exclut le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice d’une indemnit\u00e9 pour simple irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de forme. “Lorsqu’une irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise au cours de la proc\u00e9dure, mais pour une cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse, le juge accorde au salari\u00e9 une indemnit\u00e9” (D\u00e9cision \u00e0 commenter). La cour a donc infirm\u00e9 la condamnation prononc\u00e9e sur ce fondement par les premiers juges. En revanche, elle a accord\u00e9 le compl\u00e9ment d’indemnit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale de licenciement d\u00fb au salari\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat rappelle avec rigueur les r\u00e8gles de comp\u00e9tence interne dans les associations employeuses. Il souligne que la violation des r\u00e8gles statutaires de repr\u00e9sentation vicie fondamentalement la proc\u00e9dure. La d\u00e9cision a une port\u00e9e pratique importante pour la gouvernance des associations. Elle les invite \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier scrupuleusement leurs statuts avant tout acte de gestion du personnel. La solution consacre une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en subordonnant la validit\u00e9 du licenciement au respect des r\u00e8gles d’organisation interne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel, statuant en dernier ressort, infirme partiellement un jugement concernant un licenciement au sein d’une association. Elle examine la r\u00e9gular…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d4cdc2653faf0d09392b08","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d4cdc2653faf0d09392b08","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d4cdc2653faf0d09392b08","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Montpellier","_kj_chambre":"1re chambre sociale","_kj_rg":"23\/05368","_kj_date":"2025-09-24","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-665972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 24 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/05368 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cour d'appel, statuant en dernier ressort, infirme partiellement un jugement concernant un licenciement au sein d'une association. 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