{"id":666509,"date":"2026-04-24T01:40:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T23:40:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-01985\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T01:40:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T23:40:19","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-01985","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-montpellier-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-01985\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Montpellier, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/01985"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant le 23 septembre 2025, examine une demande en paiement d’une somme pr\u00eat\u00e9e entre particuliers. Le d\u00e9fendeur ne compara\u00eet pas, rendant le jugement r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire. La question principale concerne la preuve de l’obligation de rembourser un pr\u00eat d\u00e9passant mille cinq cents euros. Le tribunal accueille la demande en paiement mais rejette la demande de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats pour pr\u00e9judice moral, tout en allouant une indemnit\u00e9 sur le fondement de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

La preuve de l’obligation par un commencement d’\u00e9crit<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle d’abord les principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux r\u00e9gissant la charge de la preuve en mati\u00e8re contractuelle. Celui qui r\u00e9clame l’ex\u00e9cution d’une obligation doit la prouver, selon l’article 1353 du code civil. Pour les actes juridiques portant sur une somme sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 mille cinq cents euros, la preuve litt\u00e9rale est exig\u00e9e, sauf exceptions l\u00e9gales. “L\u2019acte juridique portant sur une somme ou une valeur sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1.500\u20ac doit \u00eatre prouv\u00e9 par \u00e9crit” (article 1359). Le demandeur ne produit pas de contrat formel mais soumet plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments, dont une reconnaissance de dette.<\/p>\n

Le tribunal qualifie cet \u00e9crit de commencement de preuve par \u00e9crit, suffisant pour fonder la cr\u00e9ance. Il estime que la reconnaissance rend vraisemblable l’all\u00e9gation du pr\u00eat. “La reconnaissance de dette […] constitue un commencement de preuve par \u00e9crit des divers emprunts effectu\u00e9s \u00e0 son profit” (Motifs, point 1). Cette analyse distingue la d\u00e9cision d’une jurisprudence o\u00f9 un \u00e9crit similaire \u00e9tait jug\u00e9 insuffisant. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’\u00e9crit \u00e9mane du d\u00e9biteur et d\u00e9signe clairement le cr\u00e9ancier et la somme due, satisfaisant aux exigences des articles 1361 et 1362 du code civil.<\/p>\n

La distinction entre pr\u00e9judice de retard et pr\u00e9judice moral autonome<\/p>\n

La seconde partie traite de la demande indemnitaire pour un pr\u00e9judice moral ind\u00e9pendant du retard de paiement. Le tribunal rappelle le fondement l\u00e9gal de cette action. “Le cr\u00e9ancier auquel son d\u00e9biteur en retard a caus\u00e9, par sa mauvaise foi, un pr\u00e9judice ind\u00e9pendant de ce retard, peut obtenir des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats distincts” (article 1231-6). Toutefois, le demandeur doit prouver ce pr\u00e9judice sp\u00e9cifique et la mauvaise foi du d\u00e9biteur, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article 9 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

En l’absence de preuve mat\u00e9rielle des difficult\u00e9s all\u00e9gu\u00e9es, la demande est rejet\u00e9e. Le demandeur \u00e9voque des difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res importantes mais “il ne produit aucune pi\u00e8ce permettant d\u2019\u00e9tablir la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 de ses all\u00e9gations” (Motifs, point 2). Cette solution est conforme \u00e0 une jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure qui exige la d\u00e9monstration d’un pr\u00e9judice moral non r\u00e9par\u00e9 par les int\u00e9r\u00eats de retard. Le tribunal op\u00e8re ainsi une distinction nette entre le droit au paiement, \u00e9tabli par un commencement de preuve, et le droit \u00e0 des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats compl\u00e9mentaires, soumis \u00e0 une exigence probatoire plus stricte.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision r\u00e9side dans l’application souple des r\u00e8gles de preuve pour les engagements entre particuliers. Un \u00e9crit non formaliste peut valoir commencement de preuve s’il \u00e9mane du d\u00e9biteur et rend l’all\u00e9gation vraisemblable. La valeur de l’arr\u00eat est \u00e9galement de rappeler que le pr\u00e9judice moral autonome, li\u00e9 \u00e0 la mauvaise foi, ne se pr\u00e9sume pas et doit \u00eatre prouv\u00e9 concr\u00e8tement. Enfin, le tribunal use de son pouvoir d’\u00e9quit\u00e9 pour allouer une indemnit\u00e9 au titre des frais non compris dans les d\u00e9pens, malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9faut de comparution, assurant ainsi un acc\u00e8s effectif \u00e0 la justice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant le 23 septembre 2025, examine une demande en paiement d’une somme pr\u00eat\u00e9e entre particuliers. 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