{"id":666676,"date":"2026-04-24T01:58:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T23:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-denis-de-la-reunion-le-18-mars-2024-n23-02860\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T19:36:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T17:36:19","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-denis-de-la-reunion-le-18-mars-2024-n23-02860","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-saint-denis-de-la-reunion-le-18-mars-2024-n23-02860\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Denis de La R\u00e9union, le 18 mars 2024, n\u00b023\/02860"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire, dans un jugement du 18 mars 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale et contractuelle relative \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affectant une maison individuelle. La propri\u00e9taire assigne plusieurs constructeurs et leurs assureurs. Le tribunal examine la nature des d\u00e9sordres et l’opposabilit\u00e9 d’un rapport d’expertise \u00e0 des tiers non pr\u00e9sents lors des op\u00e9rations. Il d\u00e9boute finalement la demanderesse de l’ensemble de ses pr\u00e9tentions, notamment en raison d’un d\u00e9faut d’assurance d\u00e9cennale valable \u00e0 l’ouverture du chantier.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation du champ des garanties l\u00e9gales des constructeurs<\/p>\n

La distinction entre d\u00e9sordres graves et d\u00e9sordres esth\u00e9tiques est essentielle. Seuls les dommages compromettant la solidit\u00e9 de l’ouvrage ou le rendant impropre \u00e0 sa destination rel\u00e8vent de la garantie d\u00e9cennale<\/a>. Les d\u00e9sordres purement esth\u00e9tiques en sont exclus, sauf \u00e0 invoquer la garantie de parfait ach\u00e8vement ou la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle de droit commun. Le tribunal rappelle que “les d\u00e9sordres de nature esth\u00e9tique ne rentrent pas dans le champ d’application de la garantie d\u00e9cennale”. Cette application stricte prot\u00e8ge les constructeurs contre des demandes portant sur des vices mineurs. Elle renvoie les ma\u00eetres d’ouvrage \u00e0 une action en responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle, soumise \u00e0 des conditions et d\u00e9lais distincts.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de l’expertise judiciaire face \u00e0 l’absence de contradiction<\/p>\n

L’opposabilit\u00e9 des conclusions d’une expertise \u00e0 des tiers non convoqu\u00e9s est strictement encadr\u00e9e. Un rapport d’expertise ne lie pas le juge \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard d’une partie absente lors des op\u00e9rations. Le tribunal \u00e9nonce qu'”un rapport d’expertise judiciaire ne peut \u00eatre oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 un tiers que si ses conclusions sont corrobor\u00e9es par d’autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve”. Cette solution rejoint la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation. Celle-ci pr\u00e9cise que “le juge ne peut refuser d’examiner ce rapport, d\u00e8s lors que celui-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement vers\u00e9 aux d\u00e9bats” mais doit v\u00e9rifier sa corroboration (Cass. Premi\u00e8re chambre civile, le 9 septembre 2020, n\u00b019-13.755). Cela garantit le droit \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable et au contradictoire pour toutes les parties concern\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les conditions de mise en oeuvre de la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’une assurance en cours de validit\u00e9 est une condition de fond. Tout constructeur doit justifier d’une assurance couvrant sa responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale \u00e0 l’ouverture du chantier. Le tribunal applique l’article L.241-1 du Code des assurances qui impose cette justification. En l’esp\u00e8ce, les attestations fournies dataient de l’ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant le d\u00e9but effectif des travaux. Le tribunal constate qu’\u00e0 “la date du commencement effectif des travaux l’entreprise ne disposait pas d’une police d’assurance” valable. Cette rigueur prot\u00e8ge les acqu\u00e9reurs contre l’insolvabilit\u00e9 des constructeurs. Elle impose une vigilance particuli\u00e8re sur la synchronisation entre la couverture d’assurance et la dur\u00e9e r\u00e9elle du chantier.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales de la d\u00e9faillance des parties d\u00e9fenderesses<\/p>\n

L’extinction des personnes morales et l’absence d’identification pr\u00e9cise entravent l’action en justice. Plusieurs entreprises d\u00e9fenderesses \u00e9taient en liquidation judiciaire<\/a> et radi\u00e9es du registre du commerce. Le tribunal rel\u00e8ve aussi l’impr\u00e9cision des imputations de responsabilit\u00e9 dans le rapport d’expertise. Celui-ci visait “l’entreprise de menuiserie” sans distinguer entre deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s distinctes. Cette impr\u00e9cision emp\u00eache toute condamnation solidaire ou individuelle claire. La proc\u00e9dure se heurte alors \u00e0 l’impossibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9terminer la partie r\u00e9ellement oblig\u00e9e, conduisant au d\u00e9boutement de la demande. Cela souligne l’importance d’une identification exacte des d\u00e9biteurs dans l’acte introductif d’instance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, dans un jugement du 18 mars 2024, statue sur une action en responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9cennale et contractuelle relative \u00e0 des d\u00e9sordres affecta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d2cda669293f91fcc29b16","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d2cda669293f91fcc29b16","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d2cda669293f91fcc29b16","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Denis de La R\u00e9union","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre","_kj_rg":"23\/02860","_kj_date":"2025-09-23","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7096,6581,6719,35583,7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-666676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-code-des-assurances","category-droit-de-la-famille","category-famille","category-immobilier","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Saint-Denis de La R\u00e9union, le 18 mars 2024, n\u00b023\/02860 - 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