{"id":667197,"date":"2026-04-24T02:59:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-07945\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T02:59:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T00:59:03","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-07945","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-23-septembre-2025-n24-07945\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 23 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/07945"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, par jugement du 23 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. Le pr\u00eateur, ayant acquis les droits de l’\u00e9tablissement financier initial, r\u00e9clame le capital et les int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le juge rel\u00e8ve d’office le moyen tir\u00e9 du non-respect des conditions de forme du contrat. Il prononce la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance totale du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats et limite la cr\u00e9ance au seul capital restant d\u00fb, sans int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n

La rigueur proc\u00e9durale dans l’examen d’office des moyens de protection<\/p>\n

Le juge applique strictement les r\u00e8gles de proc\u00e9dure civile en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9faut de comparution. Il rappelle que le juge statue sur le fond m\u00eame en l’absence du d\u00e9fendeur, mais ne fait droit \u00e0 la demande que si elle est bien fond\u00e9e. Cette exigence garantit un examen substantiel malgr\u00e9 l’absence d’une partie. Le juge exerce ensuite son pouvoir de relever d’office les moyens tir\u00e9s du code de la consommation. “Selon l\u2019article R.632-1 du code de la consommation, le juge peut relever d\u2019office tous les moyens tir\u00e9s de l\u2019application des dispositions de ce code.” (Motifs). Cette facult\u00e9 est essentielle pour assurer la protection du consommateur, partie pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e faible. Elle permet de pallier un \u00e9ventuel d\u00e9faut de conseil ou de d\u00e9fense de sa part. Le juge v\u00e9rifie ainsi syst\u00e9matiquement la conformit\u00e9 du contrat aux dispositions d’ordre public protectrices. Cette approche proactive renforce l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit de la consommation. Elle place la charge de la preuve de la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du contrat sur le professionnel demandeur. Le juge devient le garant actif du respect des formalit\u00e9s l\u00e9gales protectrices.<\/p>\n

La sanction dissuasive du non-respect des conditions de lisibilit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le juge constate un manquement aux r\u00e8gles imp\u00e9ratives de forme concernant la taille des caract\u00e8res. Il rappelle que le contrat doit \u00eatre r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en caract\u00e8res d’une hauteur minimale de trois millim\u00e8tres. “Il suffit, pour s’assurer du respect de cette prescription r\u00e9glementaire, de diviser la hauteur en millim\u00e8tres d’un paragraphe […] par le nombre de lignes qu’il contient.” (Motifs). La m\u00e9thode de calcul retenue est simple et objective, excluant l’interligne. Son application aux pi\u00e8ces du dossier r\u00e9v\u00e8le une hauteur manifestement inf\u00e9rieure au corps huit. Cette illisibilit\u00e9 constitue une violation des articles L.312-28 et R.312-10 du code de la consommation. Le juge en tire les cons\u00e9quences l\u00e9gales en pronon\u00e7ant la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats. “En application des articles L.341-4, L.312-28 ensemble R.312-10 du code de la consommation, […] [le pr\u00eateur] sera int\u00e9gralement d\u00e9chue de son droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats.” (Motifs). Cette sanction est automatique et s\u00e9v\u00e8re, visant \u00e0 garantir une information lisible du consommateur. Elle s’\u00e9tend \u00e0 tous les accessoires des int\u00e9r\u00eats, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article L.341-8. La jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure admettait qu’un d\u00e9faut purement formel ne justifiait pas toujours une telle sanction. “Ainsi, le non-respect formel de la hauteur des caract\u00e8res […] ne saurait avoir pour effet de rendre l’offre de cr\u00e9dit insuffisamment lisible.” (Tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, le 17 novembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00138). La pr\u00e9sente d\u00e9cision s’en \u00e9carte en consid\u00e9rant que l’illisibilit\u00e9 \u00e9tait ici manifeste. Elle r\u00e9affirme le caract\u00e8re substantiel de l’exigence de lisibilit\u00e9 pour la protection du consentement.<\/p>\n

L’extension de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance aux int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux et ses cons\u00e9quences<\/p>\n

Le juge donne une port\u00e9e maximale \u00e0 la sanction en excluant \u00e9galement les int\u00e9r\u00eats au taux l\u00e9gal. Il fonde cette solution sur une interpr\u00e9tation conforme \u00e0 la directive europ\u00e9enne. “Ces dispositions doivent \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la directive 2008\/48\/CE […] qui pr\u00e9voit en son article 23 que les sanctions […] doivent \u00eatre effectives, proportionn\u00e9es et dissuasives.” (Motifs). Pour \u00eatre dissuasive, la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance doit priver le pr\u00eateur de tout avantage li\u00e9 au temps. Le juge \u00e9carte donc l’application des articles du code civil sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires. Il rejette aussi l’article L.313-3 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier sur l’int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gal des cr\u00e9ances. La cr\u00e9ance se limite strictement au capital restant d\u00fb, sans aucune production d’int\u00e9r\u00eat. Cette interpr\u00e9tation est rigoureuse et vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir tout comportement n\u00e9gligent du pr\u00eateur. Elle d\u00e9passe la simple compensation du pr\u00e9judice de l’emprunteur. Elle a une fonction punitive et pr\u00e9ventive, conforme aux objectifs europ\u00e9ens. La sanction affecte directement la rentabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de l’op\u00e9ration pour le professionnel. Elle constitue un avertissement clair sur l’imp\u00e9ratif de conformit\u00e9 formelle. Le juge module toutefois les autres cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales au regard de l’\u00e9quit\u00e9. Il \u00e9carte une condamnation au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Il maintient l’ex\u00e9cution provisoire compte tenu de l’anciennet\u00e9 de la dette et des d\u00e9fauts de paiement. Cette d\u00e9cision \u00e9quilibre ainsi une sanction financi\u00e8re s\u00e9v\u00e8re avec une mod\u00e9ration sur les frais de proc\u00e9dure.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision renforce consid\u00e9rablement le r\u00e9gime protecteur des emprunteurs consommateurs. Elle confirme la nature automatique de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats en cas d’illisibilit\u00e9 du contrat. Elle \u00e9tend cette sanction aux int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux par une interpr\u00e9tation dissuasive des textes. Le juge se fait le gardien actif de la conformit\u00e9 par son examen d’office des moyens. La m\u00e9thode de v\u00e9rification de la taille des caract\u00e8res est simplifi\u00e9e et objective. Cette jurisprudence marque un durcissement par rapport \u00e0 des solutions ant\u00e9rieures plus indulgentes. Elle place la charge de la preuve de la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 formelle sur le pr\u00eateur demandeur. L’\u00e9quilibre contractuel est ainsi restaur\u00e9 au profit de la partie faible pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e. La sanction prononc\u00e9e prive d\u00e9finitivement le cr\u00e9ancier de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration de son cr\u00e9dit. Elle garantit l’effectivit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 une information claire et lisible avant tout engagement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, par jugement du 23 septembre 2025, statue sur une demande en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. 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