{"id":683508,"date":"2026-04-25T18:49:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-le-17-juin-2025-n24-00543\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T18:49:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:49:25","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-le-17-juin-2025-n24-00543","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-le-17-juin-2025-n24-00543\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire, le 17 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/00543"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire de Mulhouse, ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 17 juin 2025. Le litige na\u00eet de fortes hausses de charges d\u2019eau chaude et d\u2019incertitudes sur les relev\u00e9s. Des copropri\u00e9taires sollicitent, avant tout proc\u00e8s au fond, la communication de pi\u00e8ces techniques et comptables relatives aux consommations et \u00e0 la r\u00e9partition. Le syndic s\u2019y oppose en invoquant la proc\u00e9dure sp\u00e9ciale de consultation pr\u00e9vue avant l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Il r\u00e9clame en outre une provision correspondant \u00e0 un arri\u00e9r\u00e9 de charges. L\u2019assignation date du 30 ao\u00fbt 2024, l\u2019audience du 6 mai 2025, et l\u2019affaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 au 17 juin 2025. Des \u00e9critures tardives transmises pendant le d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 sont \u00e9cart\u00e9es, le juge rappelant que \u00ab apr\u00e8s la cl\u00f4ture des d\u00e9bats, les parties ne peuvent d\u00e9poser aucune note \u00e0 l\u2019appui de leurs observations \u00bb. La question pos\u00e9e porte sur l\u2019articulation entre l\u2019article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile et l\u2019article 18-1 de la loi du 10 juillet 1965, ainsi que sur les conditions du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-provision en pr\u00e9sence de contestations s\u00e9rieuses. La d\u00e9cision accueille la demande de production, assortie d\u2019une astreinte, et rejette la provision, tout en condamnant aux d\u00e9pens la partie d\u00e9fenderesse.<\/p>\n

I \u2013 Admission d\u2019une mesure d\u2019instruction in futurum en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/p>\n

A \u2013 Autonomie de l\u2019article 145 face au m\u00e9canisme de consultation pr\u00e9alable
\nLe juge refuse de faire de la proc\u00e9dure de consultation pr\u00e9-assembl\u00e9e une fin de non\u2011recevoir. Il \u00e9nonce que \u00ab le non-respect des formes et d\u00e9lais pr\u00e9vus \u00e0 l\u2019article pr\u00e9cit\u00e9 ne justifie pas, faute de disposition pr\u00e9vue en ce sens, l\u2019irrecevabilit\u00e9 de la demande de prodution de pi\u00e8ces \u00bb. La motivation repose ensuite sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie propre de l\u2019article 145, dont la finalit\u00e9 probatoire est affirm\u00e9e en des termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux et constants. Le juge rappelle ainsi que \u00ab Il en r\u00e9sulte qu’il peut \u00eatre ordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 des tiers, sur requ\u00eate ou en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, de produire tous documents qu’ils d\u00e9tiennent, s’il existe un motif l\u00e9gitime de conserver ou d’\u00e9tablir avant tout proc\u00e8s la preuve de faits dont pourrait d\u00e9pendre la solution d’un litige et si aucun emp\u00eachement l\u00e9gitime ne s’oppose \u00e0 cette production par le tiers d\u00e9tenteur \u00bb. L\u2019office du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s se trouve consacr\u00e9 dans sa dimension conservatoire, ind\u00e9pendamment des fen\u00eatres de consultation r\u00e9gies par la loi de 1965.<\/p>\n

L\u2019articulation retenue distingue deux logiques compl\u00e9mentaires. La consultation pr\u00e9\u2011assembl\u00e9e demeure le droit commun de l\u2019information des copropri\u00e9taires, pens\u00e9 pour l\u2019approbation des comptes. La mesure d\u2019instruction in futurum vise, elle, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement anticip\u00e9 d\u2019une preuve litigieuse, sans pr\u00e9judice de l\u2019action au fond. Cette autonomie \u00e9carte la tentation de transformer la proc\u00e9dure sp\u00e9ciale en verrou proc\u00e9dural, ce qui garantirait la loyaut\u00e9 probatoire lorsque des anomalies vraisemblables \u00e9mergent.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 Appr\u00e9ciation du motif l\u00e9gitime et p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de la production ordonn\u00e9e
\nLe motif l\u00e9gitime r\u00e9sulte d\u2019un faisceau d\u2019indices concordants. Des relev\u00e9s de consommations apparaissent incomplets sur un exercice, des documents pr\u00e9sentent des ratures non expliqu\u00e9es, et des dysfonctionnements d\u2019appareils sont mentionn\u00e9s dans un proc\u00e8s\u2011verbal d\u2019assembl\u00e9e. S\u2019y ajoute la reconnaissance \u00e9crite d\u2019une erreur ayant affect\u00e9 un d\u00e9compte, sans correction apparente sur les consommations. L\u2019ensemble caract\u00e9rise une incertitude s\u00e9rieuse sur l\u2019exactitude des charges et sur la cl\u00e9 de r\u00e9partition. La mesure sollicit\u00e9e est donc proportionn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019objectif probatoire poursuivi.<\/p>\n

Le dispositif concr\u00e9tise ce contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9. Il ordonne la production des relev\u00e9s et pi\u00e8ces de calcul sur plusieurs exercices, comprend les justificatifs de r\u00e9partition, et \u00e9tend la communication aux documents relatifs \u00e0 une op\u00e9ration de remplacement d\u2019\u00e9quipement collectif. Le juge annonce de fa\u00e7on nette l\u2019accueil de la demande: \u00ab Il sera fait droit \u00e0 la demande selon les modalit\u00e9s vis\u00e9es au dispositif de la pr\u00e9sente d\u00e9cision \u00bb. L\u2019astreinte, assortie d\u2019une r\u00e9serve de liquidation, renforce l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 de l\u2019injonction. La pr\u00e9cision proc\u00e9durale est utilement rappel\u00e9e: \u00ab PR\u00c9CISONS que le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s se r\u00e9serve d\u2019office le contentieux de la liquidation de l\u2019astreinte \u00bb. La mesure reste ainsi encadr\u00e9e et contr\u00f4lable, \u00e9vitant tout d\u00e9voiement exploratoire.<\/p>\n

II \u2013 Port\u00e9e contentieuse et exigences de transparence en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/p>\n

A \u2013 Le rejet de la provision au regard de la contestation s\u00e9rieuse
\nLa provision suppose une obligation non s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Or, l\u2019exactitude des charges r\u00e9clam\u00e9es fait l\u2019objet de griefs circonstanci\u00e9s, \u00e9tay\u00e9s par des lacunes documentaires et des incoh\u00e9rences techniques. Le juge en d\u00e9duit que \u00ab la demande en paiement de charges de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une contestation s\u00e9rieuse en l\u2019absence de justificatifs de leurs montants, de sorte qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas lieu \u00e0 r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du chef de cette demande \u00bb. La solution rappelle l\u2019\u00e9conomie du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9\u2011provision: elle n\u2019ouvre pas un d\u00e9bat complexe sur le fond. Elle n\u2019\u00e9carte pas un droit \u00e9ventuel au paiement. Elle constate seulement l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 d\u2019anticiper la d\u00e9cision au vu des contestations.<\/p>\n

Cette position respecte l\u2019\u00e9quilibre des int\u00e9r\u00eats en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9. Elle invite le gestionnaire \u00e0 documenter pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les assiettes et cl\u00e9s de r\u00e9partition, et incite le copropri\u00e9taire \u00e0 formuler des critiques motiv\u00e9es. Elle pr\u00e9vient les effets potentiellement irr\u00e9versibles d\u2019une provision allou\u00e9e malgr\u00e9 des incertitudes s\u00e9rieuses. Elle place enfin l\u2019instruction probatoire en amont d\u2019un \u00e9ventuel contentieux au fond, dans une perspective de clarification.<\/p>\n

B \u2013 Discipline proc\u00e9durale, ex\u00e9cution et effets pratiques
\nLa d\u00e9cision assume une discipline proc\u00e9durale ferme. Les notes et pi\u00e8ces transmises pendant le d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 sont \u00e9cart\u00e9es, conform\u00e9ment au texte rappel\u00e9 en motivation. Le juge formule sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 la cons\u00e9quence proc\u00e9durale: \u00ab il convient d\u2019\u00e9carter celles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 communiqu\u00e9es au greffe par courrier du 19 mai 2025 \u00bb. Cette rigueur stabilise le d\u00e9bat et prot\u00e8ge l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des armes. Elle conforte la lisibilit\u00e9 de la mesure d\u2019instruction ordonn\u00e9e, fond\u00e9e sur les seuls \u00e9l\u00e9ments r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement vers\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Sur l\u2019ex\u00e9cution, l\u2019ordonnance combine injonction, astreinte et effectivit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate. L\u2019affirmation selon laquelle \u00ab CONSTATONS l\u2019ex\u00e9cution provisoire de plein droit des dispositions de la pr\u00e9sente ordonnance \u00bb renforce l\u2019utilit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9cision, en neutralisant les strat\u00e9gies dilatoires. La port\u00e9e pratique est notable. Les copropri\u00e9taires disposent d\u2019un vecteur probatoire robuste pour \u00e9clairer des anomalies cr\u00e9dibles, sans attendre une assembl\u00e9e. Le syndic voit confirm\u00e9e son obligation de transparence, sous le contr\u00f4le du juge. L\u2019astreinte et la r\u00e9serve de liquidation cr\u00e9ent un horizon temporel clair, propice \u00e0 une r\u00e9gularisation rapide. L\u2019ensemble s\u2019inscrit dans une conception mesur\u00e9e du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, articulant exigence probatoire et prudence sur le terrain p\u00e9cuniaire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire de Mulhouse, ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 17 juin 2025. Le litige na\u00eet de fortes hausses de charges d\u2019eau chaude et d\u2019incertitude…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4710,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6853290f3dab2c52f54f48a4","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6853290f3dab2c52f54f48a4","_kj_judilibre_id":"6853290f3dab2c52f54f48a4","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Mulhouse","_kj_chambre":"R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s","_kj_rg":"24\/00543","_kj_date":"2025-06-17","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire, le 17 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/00543 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire de Mulhouse, ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 17 juin 2025. 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