{"id":683953,"date":"2026-04-25T19:13:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-30-mai-2024-n24-07544\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:13:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:13:13","slug":"cour-dappel-le-30-mai-2024-n24-07544","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/cour-dappel-le-30-mai-2024-n24-07544\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 30 mai 2024, n\u00b024\/07544"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Aix-en-Provence, 26 juin 2025. L\u2019arr\u00eat statue sur l\u2019appel d\u2019un jugement du 30 mai 2024 rendu par le juge de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de Marseille. Le litige porte sur la liquidation d\u2019une astreinte prononc\u00e9e par ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 du 7 juillet 2023.<\/p>\n

Un copropri\u00e9taire, titulaire des lots n\u00b02 et n\u00b028, se plaignait de planches obstruant les ouvertures de son local donnant sur une cour commune. L\u2019ordonnance de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 avait enjoint la suppression sous astreinte de 200 euros par jour pendant trois mois \u00e0 compter de la signification.<\/p>\n

Une demande de liquidation a \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9e pour la p\u00e9riode du 27 juillet au 27 octobre 2023. Le juge de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution a rejet\u00e9 la demande, retenant l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de l\u2019obligation et le caract\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9 d\u2019une liquidation au regard de l\u2019enjeu. L\u2019appelante sollicitait 18 000 euros, en soutenant un retard d\u2019ex\u00e9cution et la persistance d\u2019entraves.<\/p>\n

La question de droit tenait aux crit\u00e8res de liquidation de l\u2019astreinte au regard des articles L. 131-3 et L. 131-4 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, \u00e9clair\u00e9s par les exigences de proportionnalit\u00e9. La cour retient une ex\u00e9cution post\u00e9rieure au d\u00e9lai, aucune difficult\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re, et liquide l\u2019astreinte \u00e0 5 000 euros pour pr\u00e9server un juste \u00e9quilibre. Elle pr\u00e9cise: \u00ab Afin de garantir un rapport raisonnable de proportionnalit\u00e9 entre le montant de l\u2019astreinte et l\u2019enjeu du litige, il convient de la liquider \u00e0 la somme de 5 000 euros \u00bb.<\/p>\n

I. Le cadre normatif de la liquidation d\u2019astreinte et son application<\/p>\n

A. L\u2019office du juge et l\u2019exigence de proportionnalit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle la lecture combin\u00e9e des articles L. 131-3 et L. 131-4 avec la protection du droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9. Elle cite le crit\u00e8re directeur suivant: \u00ab Il appartient au juge saisi d\u2019une demande de liquidation d\u2019astreinte, d\u2019abord de tenir compte du comportement de celui \u00e0 qui l\u2019injonction a \u00e9t\u00e9 adress\u00e9e et des difficult\u00e9s qu\u2019il a rencontr\u00e9es pour l\u2019ex\u00e9cuter, ensuite, d\u2019appr\u00e9cier le caract\u00e8re proportionn\u00e9 de l\u2019atteinte qu\u2019elle porte au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du d\u00e9biteur au regard du but l\u00e9gitime qu\u2019elle poursuit, en examinant de fa\u00e7on concr\u00e8te s\u2019il existe un rapport raisonnable de proportionnalit\u00e9 entre le montant auquel il liquide l\u2019astreinte et l\u2019enjeu du litige \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Cette grille d\u2019analyse associe la fonction comminatoire de l\u2019astreinte et la garantie contre les atteintes excessives. L\u2019office du juge comporte ainsi une double appr\u00e9ciation, subjective par le comportement, et objective par la mesure de la proportionnalit\u00e9. L\u2019arr\u00eat transpose fid\u00e8lement cette m\u00e9thode au litige, en isolant les \u00e9l\u00e9ments utiles et en \u00e9vitant toute confusion avec des travaux non vis\u00e9s par l\u2019injonction.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution et des constatations<\/p>\n

Les significations dat\u00e9es, un constat d\u2019octobre attestant du maintien des planches, puis un constat de janvier d\u00e9crivant leur retrait ont fond\u00e9 la chronologie. La pi\u00e8ce relevait que \u00ab les plaques de bois et les fixations m\u00e9talliques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9es sur les deux fen\u00eatres laissant appara\u00eetre des volets persiennes tr\u00e8s anciens \u00bb. La cour constate donc une ex\u00e9cution hors d\u00e9lai, et \u00e9carte l\u2019imputabilit\u00e9 d\u2019obstructions ult\u00e9rieures \u00e9trang\u00e8res au dispositif, limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement de planches.<\/p>\n

La sanction du retard est assum\u00e9e, mais calibr\u00e9e. La juridiction souligne: \u00ab S\u2019il est vrai que l\u2019astreinte liquid\u00e9e doit \u00eatre proportionn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019objet du litige, le retard dans l\u2019ex\u00e9cution d\u2019une obligation judiciaire doit \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9 en ce qu\u2019il contrevient au droit de tout justiciable \u00e0 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00bb. Sur ce fondement, la liquidation est fix\u00e9e \u00e0 5 000 euros, \u00e0 distance de la demande int\u00e9grale, sans d\u00e9naturer l\u2019office de l\u2019astreinte.<\/p>\n

II. Valeur et port\u00e9e de la solution retenue<\/p>\n

A. Un \u00e9quilibre renforc\u00e9 entre efficacit\u00e9 et droits prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<\/p>\n

L\u2019arr\u00eat valorise une approche proportionn\u00e9e qui n\u2019affaiblit pas la force obligatoire de l\u2019injonction. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence explicite au contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9 garantit la conformit\u00e9 aux exigences conventionnelles, tout en pr\u00e9servant la vocation p\u00e9dagogique et dissuasive de l\u2019astreinte. La formule selon laquelle le retard contrevient au proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable clarifie l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat prot\u00e9g\u00e9, et l\u00e9gitime la liquidation malgr\u00e9 l\u2019ex\u00e9cution finale.<\/p>\n

La solution s\u2019inscrit dans une ligne jurisprudentielle qui, sans annexer la liquidation \u00e0 un bar\u00e8me, encadre la sanction par des crit\u00e8res lisibles. Le choix d\u2019une somme interm\u00e9diaire exprime un \u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019enjeu concret du litige et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9viter une pression \u00e9conomique sans rapport raisonnable avec le but poursuivi.<\/p>\n

B. Des rep\u00e8res op\u00e9rationnels pour les contentieux d\u2019ex\u00e9cution<\/p>\n

Trois rep\u00e8res pratiques se d\u00e9gagent. D\u2019abord, la charge d\u2019all\u00e9guer des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019ex\u00e9cution p\u00e8se sur le d\u00e9biteur, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut de quoi le retard appelle sanction. Ensuite, la preuve chronologique par significations et constats demeure d\u00e9cisive, mais l\u2019imputation de troubles r\u00e9siduels doit correspondre exactement \u00e0 l\u2019injonction. Enfin, l\u2019assiette de liquidation doit refl\u00e9ter l\u2019enjeu du litige, non l\u2019arithm\u00e9tique maximale des jours d\u2019astreinte.<\/p>\n

En mati\u00e8re de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9, l\u2019arr\u00eat illustre une voie d\u2019effectivit\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e, qui responsabilise les d\u00e9biteurs sans encourir l\u2019exc\u00e8s. En calibrant la liquidation \u00e0 5 000 euros quand la demande s\u2019\u00e9levait \u00e0 18 000, la cour trace une m\u00e9thode de pond\u00e9ration reproductible, associant rigueur probatoire et proportionnalit\u00e9 t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique, au service d\u2019une ex\u00e9cution rapide et loyale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Aix-en-Provence, 26 juin 2025. L\u2019arr\u00eat statue sur l\u2019appel d\u2019un jugement du 30 mai 2024 rendu par le juge de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de Marseille. Le litig…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"685e2f9cbe4660b768d2fd0a","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/685e2f9cbe4660b768d2fd0a","_kj_judilibre_id":"685e2f9cbe4660b768d2fd0a","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Aix-en-Provence","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 1-9","_kj_rg":"24\/07544","_kj_date":"2025-06-26","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 30 mai 2024, n\u00b024\/07544 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cour d\u2019appel d\u2019Aix-en-Provence, 26 juin 2025. 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