{"id":684150,"date":"2026-04-25T19:22:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:22:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-le-16-juin-2025-n25-01459\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:22:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T17:22:22","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-le-16-juin-2025-n25-01459","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-le-16-juin-2025-n25-01459\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire, le 16 juin 2025, n\u00b025\/01459"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de [Localit\u00e9 6], le 16 juin 2025, statue en premier ressort sur un recouvrement de charges, frais accessoires et r\u00e9sistance abusive. Le litige na\u00eet de l\u2019inex\u00e9cution d\u2019appels provisionnels de charges et de cotisations au fonds de travaux \u00e9mis sur deux exercices, malgr\u00e9 mise en demeure puis relances demeur\u00e9es sans effet. L\u2019instance a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite par assignation du 4 mars 2025, la d\u00e9fenderesse n\u2019ayant pas comparu \u00e0 l\u2019audience du 4 avril 2025, le jugement \u00e9tant r\u00e9put\u00e9 contradictoire.<\/p>\n

Le demandeur r\u00e9clamait le r\u00e8glement d\u2019un arri\u00e9r\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 au premier trimestre 2025, des frais de recouvrement en application de l\u2019article 10-1 de la loi du 10 juillet 1965, des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats distincts pour r\u00e9sistance abusive et une indemnit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale. La juridiction retient la dette \u00e0 3 213,22 euros, alloue 307,72 euros au titre des frais imputables, 100 euros pour r\u00e9sistance abusive et 500 euros en application de l\u2019article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, avec int\u00e9r\u00eats selon la nature des sommes.<\/p>\n

I. L\u2019obligation de contribuer aux charges en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/p>\n

A. Fondement l\u00e9gal et preuve de la cr\u00e9ance<\/p>\n

\u00ab Aux termes de l’article 10 de la loi 65-557 du 10 juillet 1965, les copropri\u00e9taires sont tenus de participer aux charges entra\u00een\u00e9es par les services collectifs et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d’\u00e9quipement commun en fonction de l’utilit\u00e9 objective que ces services et \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9sentent \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de chaque lot, d\u00e8s lors que ces charges ne sont pas individualis\u00e9es. \u00bb En rappelant ce principe, le jugement pose la norme distributive, indiff\u00e9rente aux usages personnels, et assoit l\u2019obligation sur l\u2019utilit\u00e9 objective.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision articule ensuite la r\u00e8gle aux \u00e9l\u00e9ments produit-probatoires usuels en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9: \u00e9tat descriptif et tanti\u00e8mes, approbations d\u2019assembl\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9rales des comptes et du budget pr\u00e9visionnel, appels de fonds r\u00e9guliers sur deux exercices. Cette combinaison, classique et suffisante, caract\u00e9rise l\u2019assiette et l\u2019exigibilit\u00e9 des provisions litigieuses.<\/p>\n

\u00ab De ce fait, selon la loi pr\u00e9cit\u00e9e, elle est tenue au paiement de sa quote-part de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9. \u00bb L\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 rejoint le droit positif constant, qui ne requiert ni mise en demeure pour la naissance de l\u2019obligation de contribution, ni preuve de jouissance des services communs. Il confirme la port\u00e9e imp\u00e9rative de la r\u00e9partition fix\u00e9e par le r\u00e8glement et les d\u00e9cisions d\u2019assembl\u00e9e devenues d\u00e9finitives.<\/p>\n

B. Contr\u00f4le du juge en cas de d\u00e9faut de comparution<\/p>\n

\u00ab Selon l’article 472 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, lorsque le d\u00e9fendeur ne compara\u00eet pas, il est n\u00e9anmoins statu\u00e9 sur le fond, le juge ne fait droit \u00e0 la demande que s’il l’estime r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, recevable et bien fond\u00e9e. \u00bb La juridiction rappelle utilement que la non-comparution ne vaut pas acquiescement; elle commande un examen autonome de la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 formelle et du bien-fond\u00e9 mat\u00e9riel.<\/p>\n

La rectification de la cr\u00e9ance, ramen\u00e9e de 3 374,76 euros \u00e0 3 213,22 euros, illustre ce contr\u00f4le substantiel. Le juge confronte le dispositif aux pi\u00e8ces et au corps des \u00e9critures, \u00e9carte une incoh\u00e9rence comptable et arr\u00eate la dette \u00e0 due concurrence des appels et d\u00e9bits produits. La rigueur probatoire exig\u00e9e du demandeur demeure ainsi intacte, malgr\u00e9 le d\u00e9faut, ce qui pr\u00e9serve l\u2019\u00e9quilibre processuel.<\/p>\n

II. Les accessoires: frais recouvrables et r\u00e9sistance abusive<\/p>\n

A. Imputabilit\u00e9 des frais n\u00e9cessaires au d\u00e9biteur<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les frais n\u00e9cessaires expos\u00e9s par le syndicat, notamment les frais de mise en demeure, de relance et de prise d’hypoth\u00e8que \u00e0 compter de la mise en demeure, pour le recouvrement d’une cr\u00e9ance justifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l’encontre d’un copropri\u00e9taire ainsi que les droits et \u00e9moluments des actes des huissiers de justice et le droit de recouvrement ou d’encaissement \u00e0 la charge du d\u00e9biteur ; \u00bb Cet alin\u00e9a a) de l\u2019article 10-1 consacre l\u2019imputabilit\u00e9 personnelle des frais n\u00e9cessaires, sous r\u00e9serve du caract\u00e8re justifi\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance et de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des diligences.<\/p>\n

Le montant allou\u00e9 de 307,72 euros repose sur un d\u00e9compte d\u00e9taillant relances, constitution de dossier et actes utiles. La solution se situe dans la ligne jurisprudentielle qui subordonne la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration \u00e0 la d\u00e9monstration d\u2019un lien direct avec le recouvrement et \u00e0 l\u2019exclusion des prestations incluses dans le forfait de gestion courante. Elle respecte, de surcro\u00eet, une logique de proportionnalit\u00e9, compte tenu de l\u2019ampleur de l\u2019arri\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le juge peut toutefois en d\u00e9cider autrement en consid\u00e9ration de l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 ou de la situation \u00e9conomique des parties au litige. \u00bb Le refus de modulation n\u2019appara\u00eet pas critiquable au regard d\u2019un d\u00e9faut persistant malgr\u00e9 relances et d\u2019un quantum mesur\u00e9. La mention d\u2019\u00e9quit\u00e9 rappelle n\u00e9anmoins au syndic l\u2019exigence de parcimonie dans la facturation des diligences et, au d\u00e9biteur, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019une discussion utile sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle des postes.<\/p>\n

B. R\u00e9sistance abusive et dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats autonomes<\/p>\n

\u00ab En application de l\u2019article 1231-6 du code civil, le cr\u00e9ancier auquel son d\u00e9biteur en retard a caus\u00e9, par sa mauvaise foi, un pr\u00e9judice ind\u00e9pendant de ce retard, peut obtenir des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats distincts des int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires de la cr\u00e9ance. \u00bb La juridiction op\u00e8re la distinction classique entre int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires et indemnisation d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice autonome, ici li\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9sorganisation de tr\u00e9sorerie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Il est constant que la r\u00e9sistance abusive du d\u00e9fendeur se d\u00e9finit par la contrainte pour le demandeur d\u2019intenter une action en justice pour parvenir \u00e0 ses fins, et ne se traduit pas par une simple r\u00e9sistance. \u00bb En fixant le seuil probatoire au-del\u00e0 d\u2019un simple retard, le jugement s\u2019inscrit dans une conception exigeante de la faute, coh\u00e9rente avec la fonction incitative de l\u2019indemnit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00ab En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, en l’absence de justification de ses d\u00e9faillances de la part de la d\u00e9fenderesse, le caract\u00e8re abusif de la r\u00e9sistance au paiement est d\u00e9montr\u00e9 au fil des mises en demeure et commandement de payer diligent\u00e9s en vain en 2024, laquelle constitue une faute civile en lien direct et certain avec la d\u00e9sorganisation de la tr\u00e9sorerie de la copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 qui s’est n\u00e9cessairement ensuivie de cette absence de paiement de charges pendant les ann\u00e9es 2023 et 2024. \u00bb L\u2019allocation de 100 euros traduit une appr\u00e9ciation mesur\u00e9e du pr\u00e9judice distinct, distincte des int\u00e9r\u00eats dus sur l\u2019arri\u00e9r\u00e9 et adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode d\u2019impay\u00e9s limit\u00e9e. Le point de d\u00e9part diff\u00e9renci\u00e9 des int\u00e9r\u00eats confirme la dissociation des natures d\u2019obligations, moratoire pour la dette principale et compensatoire pour l\u2019indemnit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de [Localit\u00e9 6], le 16 juin 2025, statue en premier ressort sur un recouvrement de charges, frais accessoires et r\u00e9sistance abusive. 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Un c...","rel":"","context":"In "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/mathias-reding-Fv_rvhKNXN0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/mathias-reding-Fv_rvhKNXN0-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/mathias-reding-Fv_rvhKNXN0-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/mathias-reding-Fv_rvhKNXN0-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/mathias-reding-Fv_rvhKNXN0-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/mathias-reding-Fv_rvhKNXN0-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=684150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/684150\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=684150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=684150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=684150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}