{"id":726871,"date":"2026-04-28T10:03:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-4-fevrier-2026-n24-06505\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:03:00","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:03:00","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-4-fevrier-2026-n24-06505","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulon-le-4-fevrier-2026-n24-06505\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b024\/06505"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal Judiciaire de Toulon, dans un jugement avant dire droit du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d’une opposition \u00e0 une ordonnance d’injonction de payer. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re poursuivait le paiement d’une somme au titre d’un contrat de fourniture et d’installation. La d\u00e9bitrice opposante sollicitait la r\u00e9solution du contrat pour d\u00e9faut de conformit\u00e9 ou sa nullit\u00e9 pour vice du consentement. La question de droit portait sur la preuve de l’accord des parties sur les \u00e9l\u00e9ments essentiels du contrat. Le tribunal a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’opposition recevable et ordonn\u00e9 la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats pour production de pi\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n

I. La recevabilit\u00e9 de l’opposition et le rappel de la charge de la preuve<\/p>\n

Le tribunal rappelle que l’opposition a \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal d’un mois suivant la signification \u00e0 personne de l’ordonnance. Il constate ainsi que “le d\u00e9lai pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 l’article 1416 du Code de Proc\u00e9dure Civile a \u00e9t\u00e9 bien respect\u00e9” (Motifs). Ce faisant, le jugement se substitue \u00e0 l’ordonnance d’injonction de payer initiale. La valeur de cette d\u00e9cision est de garantir le respect du contradictoire en permettant au d\u00e9biteur de contester le fond de la cr\u00e9ance. La port\u00e9e est d’ouvrir la voie \u00e0 un d\u00e9bat au fond sur l’existence et l’\u00e9tendue de l’obligation all\u00e9gu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle ensuite la r\u00e8gle applicable \u00e0 la charge de la preuve dans le cadre de l’opposition. Il \u00e9nonce qu'”il appartient au cr\u00e9ancier, d\u00e9fendeur \u00e0 l’opposition, mais demandeur \u00e0 l’injonction de payer, de prouver la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et l’\u00e9tendue de sa cr\u00e9ance” (Motifs). Ce rappel est fondamental car il inverse l’apparence cr\u00e9\u00e9e par l’ordonnance non contest\u00e9e. La port\u00e9e de ce principe est de soumettre le cr\u00e9ancier \u00e0 l’obligation de d\u00e9montrer le bien-fond\u00e9 de sa pr\u00e9tention, le d\u00e9biteur n’ayant qu’\u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette d\u00e9monstration.<\/p>\n

II. L’insuffisance de preuve du contrat et la mesure d’instruction ordonn\u00e9e<\/p>\n

Le tribunal constate une discordance entre les pi\u00e8ces produites par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re et les all\u00e9gations de la d\u00e9bitrice. Il rel\u00e8ve l’absence de tout document contractuel sign\u00e9, comme un devis ou un bon de commande. Le juge estime que “les \u00e9l\u00e9ments fournis aux d\u00e9bats ne comportent ce devis, ou tout autre document portant la signature des parties” (Motifs). Cette carence documentaire emp\u00eache de v\u00e9rifier l’accord sur le prix, l’objet et les conditions du contrat, ce qui est d’autant plus crucial que la nullit\u00e9 pour vice du consentement est invoqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Pour trancher le litige, le tribunal ordonne la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats afin que les parties produisent les pi\u00e8ces manquantes. Il pr\u00e9cise qu’il convient de “s\u2019assurer des conditions de mise en place du contrat et de d\u00e9battre sur l\u2019accord des parties sur le prix, l\u2019objet et les conditions de r\u00e9alisation du contrat” (Motifs). La valeur de cette mesure est de respecter le principe du contradictoire avant de statuer sur des demandes aussi radicales que la nullit\u00e9 ou la r\u00e9solution. Sa port\u00e9e est de suspendre le jugement au fond pour permettre une instruction compl\u00e8te et loyale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal Judiciaire de Toulon, dans un jugement avant dire droit du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d’une opposition \u00e0 une ordonnance d’injonction de payer. U…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6985eb79cdc6046d4731859a","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6985eb79cdc6046d4731859a","_kj_judilibre_id":"6985eb79cdc6046d4731859a","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Toulon","_kj_chambre":"5\u00e8me Chambre","_kj_rg":"24\/06505","_kj_date":"2026-02-04","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-726871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Toulon, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b024\/06505 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tribunal Judiciaire de Toulon, dans un jugement avant dire droit du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d'une opposition \u00e0 une ordonnance d'injonction de payer. 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