{"id":726876,"date":"2026-04-28T10:03:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-4-fevrier-2026-n23-12614\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:03:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:03:04","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-4-fevrier-2026-n23-12614","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-4-fevrier-2026-n23-12614\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b023\/12614"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, a statu\u00e9 sur la restitution des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de garantie apr\u00e8s un cong\u00e9 donn\u00e9 par la locataire pour le terme d’une p\u00e9riode triennale. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 locataire avait donn\u00e9 cong\u00e9 de deux baux commerciaux li\u00e9s, puis a assign\u00e9 les deux bailleurs en restitution des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de garantie, tandis que ces derniers r\u00e9clamaient des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour remise en \u00e9tat. La question de droit portait sur l’imputation des d\u00e9gradations locatives et la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice subi par les bailleurs malgr\u00e9 une relocation imm\u00e9diate. Le tribunal a fait droit \u00e0 la demande de la locataire et rejet\u00e9 la demande reconventionnelle des bailleurs.<\/p>\n

L’office du juge face \u00e0 une clause contractuelle d\u00e9rogeant au droit commun des r\u00e9parations locatives.<\/p>\n

Le tribunal rappelle d’abord que les articles 1730 \u00e0 1732 du code civil ne sont pas d’ordre public et que le contrat peut y d\u00e9roger. Il rel\u00e8ve que les baux litigieux mettent \u00e0 la charge du preneur les r\u00e9parations n\u00e9cessit\u00e9es par la v\u00e9tust\u00e9 et l’usure, \u00e0 l’exception des grosses r\u00e9parations de l’article 606 du code civil. Il en d\u00e9duit que la locataire \u00e9tait tenue de restituer les locaux en bon \u00e9tat d’entretien et de r\u00e9paration, y compris pour la v\u00e9tust\u00e9. La valeur de ce raisonnement est de consacrer la force obligatoire des clauses claires et pr\u00e9cises qui transf\u00e8rent au preneur les charges normalement support\u00e9es par le bailleur. La port\u00e9e de cette solution est de rappeler que la libert\u00e9 contractuelle permet d’am\u00e9nager le r\u00e9gime l\u00e9gal des r\u00e9parations, pourvu que la clause soit non \u00e9quivoque.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du pr\u00e9judice r\u00e9parable en l’absence de d\u00e9monstration d’une perte effective.<\/p>\n

Le tribunal constate que les locaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 imm\u00e9diatement relou\u00e9s \u00e0 un tiers sans que les bailleurs n’aient r\u00e9alis\u00e9 les travaux de remise en \u00e9tat pr\u00e9alablement. Il estime que les bailleurs ne d\u00e9montrent pas que ce nouveau bail aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu dans des conditions pr\u00e9judiciables en raison des manquements de la locataire. Il en conclut que les bailleurs ne peuvent pr\u00e9tendre avoir subi un pr\u00e9judice du fait des d\u00e9gradations constat\u00e9es. La valeur de ce raisonnement est de subordonner la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice mat\u00e9riel \u00e0 la preuve d’une perte effective, et non \u00e0 la seule constatation d’une inex\u00e9cution contractuelle. La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est d’inciter les bailleurs \u00e0 chiffrer et justifier leur pr\u00e9judice, notamment lorsque la relocation rapide des locaux neutralise l’impact \u00e9conomique des d\u00e9gradations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, dans un jugement du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, a statu\u00e9 sur la restitution des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de garantie apr\u00e8s un cong\u00e9 donn\u00e9 par la locataire…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6985d804cdc6046d472e52e7","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6985d804cdc6046d472e52e7","_kj_judilibre_id":"6985d804cdc6046d472e52e7","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Paris","_kj_chambre":"18\u00b0 chambre 2\u00e8me section","_kj_rg":"23\/12614","_kj_date":"2026-02-04","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-726876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b023\/12614 - 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