{"id":726889,"date":"2026-04-28T10:03:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-draguignan-le-4-fevrier-2026-n24-00707\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:03:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T08:03:21","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-draguignan-le-4-fevrier-2026-n24-00707","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-draguignan-le-4-fevrier-2026-n24-00707\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Draguignan, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b024\/00707"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Draguignan, dans un jugement du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, \u00e9tait saisi d\u2019une action en paiement intent\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de cautionnement contre deux emprunteurs solidaires apr\u00e8s qu\u2019elle eut honor\u00e9 son engagement. Les faits opposent une caution professionnelle, subrog\u00e9e apr\u00e8s paiement, \u00e0 des d\u00e9biteurs plac\u00e9s sous proc\u00e9dure de surendettement ayant d\u00e9j\u00e0 partiellement rembours\u00e9 leur dette. La question de droit centrale portait sur le recours personnel de la caution et la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019octroyer des d\u00e9lais de paiement malgr\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019un plan de surendettement. Le tribunal a fait droit \u00e0 la demande en paiement de la caution mais a rejet\u00e9 sa demande de frais d\u2019avocat ainsi que la demande reconventionnelle de d\u00e9lais.<\/p>\n

Le fondement du recours personnel de la caution est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 et appliqu\u00e9 avec rigueur.
\nLe tribunal rappelle que l\u2019ancien article 2305 du code civil ouvre \u00e0 la caution un recours personnel pour les sommes pay\u00e9es, les int\u00e9r\u00eats et certains frais. Il juge que \u201cla caution qui a pay\u00e9 a son recours contre le d\u00e9biteur principal\u201d (Motifs, p. 7) et que ce recours est distinct du recours subrogatoire. Il en d\u00e9duit que les d\u00e9biteurs ne peuvent opposer \u00e0 la caution les exceptions personnelles au pr\u00eateur, ce qui constitue la valeur classique de ce texte.
\nLa port\u00e9e de cette solution est de conforter la position de la caution professionnelle qui agit sur ce fondement pour obtenir un titre ex\u00e9cutoire. Le tribunal valide ainsi la cr\u00e9ance de la caution \u00e0 hauteur de 97.476,90 euros, apr\u00e8s d\u00e9duction du produit de la vente du bien immobilier.<\/p>\n

La demande de d\u00e9lais de paiement est \u00e9cart\u00e9e en raison de l\u2019existence de la proc\u00e9dure de surendettement.
\nLe tribunal constate que les d\u00e9biteurs b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u2019un plan de surendettement et que \u201cl\u2019octroi de d\u00e9lais de paiement sur le fondement de l\u2019article 1343-5 susvis\u00e9 dans des conditions diff\u00e9rentes de celles pr\u00e9vues par la proc\u00e9dure de surendettement n\u2019appara\u00eet pas opportun\u201d (Motifs, p. 9). Il souligne que les d\u00e9biteurs n\u2019\u00e9tablissent pas leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 apurer la dette dans le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal de deux ans.
\nLa port\u00e9e de ce refus est de rappeler que le juge civil ne doit pas cr\u00e9er de r\u00e8gles parall\u00e8les \u00e0 celles fix\u00e9es par la commission de surendettement. Cette solution pr\u00e9serve la coh\u00e9rence du traitement global de l\u2019endettement et \u00e9vite des injonctions contradictoires pour les d\u00e9biteurs d\u00e9j\u00e0 soumis \u00e0 un moratoire.<\/p>\n

La demande de frais d\u2019avocat sur le fondement de l\u2019ancien article 2305 est rejet\u00e9e par le tribunal.
\nLe tribunal estime que la somme de 3.000 euros sollicit\u00e9e \u201ccorrespond \u00e0 des frais de conseil expos\u00e9s dans le cadre la pr\u00e9sente instance\u201d (Motifs, p. 8) et non \u00e0 des frais ant\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la d\u00e9nonciation des poursuites. Il en d\u00e9duit que ces frais ne peuvent \u00eatre inclus dans le recours personnel de la caution.
\nLa valeur de cette d\u00e9cision est de limiter strictement le champ des frais remboursables au titre de l\u2019article 2305 alin\u00e9a 2 aux seuls frais engag\u00e9s apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9nonciation. La port\u00e9e est de prot\u00e9ger les d\u00e9biteurs contre une indemnisation excessive de la caution et de rappeler que les frais de proc\u00e9dure rel\u00e8vent de l\u2019article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Draguignan, dans un jugement du 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, \u00e9tait saisi d\u2019une action en paiement intent\u00e9e par une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de cautionnement cont…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"6985e174cdc6046d472fbefb","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6985e174cdc6046d472fbefb","_kj_judilibre_id":"6985e174cdc6046d472fbefb","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Draguignan","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 1","_kj_rg":"24\/00707","_kj_date":"2026-02-04","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-726889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Draguignan, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b024\/00707 - 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Apr\u00e8s\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-IdY1J7h1vwQ-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-IdY1J7h1vwQ-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-IdY1J7h1vwQ-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-IdY1J7h1vwQ-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-IdY1J7h1vwQ-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/lala-azizli-IdY1J7h1vwQ-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=726889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726889\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=726889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=726889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=726889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}