{"id":775667,"date":"2026-04-30T08:25:10","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T06:25:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-lille-le-5-janvier-2026-n25-00222\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T08:25:10","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T06:25:10","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-lille-le-5-janvier-2026-n25-00222","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/pt-pt\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-lille-le-5-janvier-2026-n25-00222\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Lille, le 5 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/00222"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le jugement rendu le 5 janvier 2026 par le tribunal judiciaire de Lille, juge des contentieux de la protection, concerne un litige opposant une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de location \u00e0 un consommateur d\u00e9faillant. Un contrat de location avec option d’achat portant sur un v\u00e9hicule automobile avait \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu le 31 mai 2023. Le preneur ayant cess\u00e9 ses paiements, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bailleresse l’a assign\u00e9 en paiement et en restitution du bien. La question de droit portait sur la recevabilit\u00e9 et le bien-fond\u00e9 de l’action en paiement, notamment au regard des r\u00e8gles protectrices du code de la consommation. Le tribunal a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’action recevable mais a prononc\u00e9 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance totale du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats du pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n

I. La recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et l’acquisition de la clause r\u00e9solutoire<\/p>\n

A. Le respect du d\u00e9lai de forclusion biennale<\/p>\n

Le juge a soulev\u00e9 d’office le moyen tir\u00e9 de la forclusion pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article R. 312-35 du code de la consommation. Il a constat\u00e9 que le premier loyer impay\u00e9 non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 datait du 15 novembre 2023. L’assignation ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e le 3 f\u00e9vrier 2025, l’action \u00e9tait introduite dans le d\u00e9lai de deux ans. La solution est conforme \u00e0 la lettre du texte, qui fait courir le d\u00e9lai \u00e0 compter du premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9. En retenant cette date, le juge applique strictement la r\u00e8gle protectrice du consommateur, tout en assurant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique du pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n

B. La validit\u00e9 de la mise en demeure pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme<\/p>\n

Le contrat stipulait que la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme ne pouvait intervenir qu’apr\u00e8s une mise en demeure rest\u00e9e infructueuse. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a justifi\u00e9 de l’envoi d’une lettre recommand\u00e9e le 8 janvier 2024, demeur\u00e9e sans effet. Le tribunal en d\u00e9duit que la clause r\u00e9solutoire est acquise, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article 1225 du code civil. Cette solution rappelle que la mise en demeure est une condition imp\u00e9rative de la r\u00e9siliation de plein droit, sauf clause expresse et non \u00e9quivoque contraire. Elle garantit au d\u00e9biteur un d\u00e9lai de r\u00e9gularisation avant la sanction contractuelle.<\/p>\n

II. La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats et ses cons\u00e9quences<\/p>\n

A. Le d\u00e9faut de preuve de la remise de la fiche d’information pr\u00e9contractuelle<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00eateur produisait un exemplaire de la fiche d’information, mais celle-ci n’\u00e9tait ni sign\u00e9e ni paraph\u00e9e par le consommateur. Le juge rappelle que la clause type de reconnaissance de remise est un simple indice, insuffisant \u00e0 lui seul. Il exige un \u00e9l\u00e9ment compl\u00e9mentaire, ce que ne constitue pas un document \u00e9manant du seul pr\u00eateur, suivant la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation (Civ. 1, 7 juin 2023, n\u00b0 22-15.552). Cette solution renforce l’exigence probatoire \u00e0 la charge du professionnel, afin de garantir l’effectivit\u00e9 de l’information pr\u00e9contractuelle du consommateur.<\/p>\n

B. L’impr\u00e9cision du contrat sur le montant des loyers<\/p>\n

Le contrat mentionnait des loyers exprim\u00e9s en pourcentage de la valeur du bien, sans indication chiffr\u00e9e pr\u00e9cise. Le tribunal a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que cette r\u00e9daction violait l’article R. 312-10 du code de la consommation, qui exige une mention claire et lisible du montant des \u00e9ch\u00e9ances. Cette impr\u00e9cision justifie la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance totale du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats, y compris ceux au taux l\u00e9gal, en application de l’article L. 341-4 du m\u00eame code. La d\u00e9cision illustre la rigueur avec laquelle le juge sanctionne tout manquement aux obligations formelles du cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le jugement rendu le 5 janvier 2026 par le tribunal judiciaire de Lille, juge des contentieux de la protection, concerne un litige opposant une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de lo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"697e33c8cdc6046d476cb37e","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/697e33c8cdc6046d476cb37e","_kj_judilibre_id":"697e33c8cdc6046d476cb37e","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Lille","_kj_chambre":"JCP","_kj_rg":"25\/00222","_kj_date":"2026-01-05","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-775667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Lille, le 5 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/00222 - 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