{"id":635029,"date":"2026-04-21T11:37:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T09:37:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-10-juillet-2024-n24-00513\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T11:37:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T09:37:56","slug":"cour-dappel-le-10-juillet-2024-n24-00513","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-le-10-juillet-2024-n24-00513\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 10 juillet 2024, n\u00b024\/00513"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour de cassation, chambre sociale, dans un arr\u00eat du 10 juillet 2024, statue sur un litige relatif \u00e0 l\u2019aptitude m\u00e9dicale au travail. L\u2019affaire concerne un assur\u00e9 dont la caisse a fix\u00e9 une date d\u2019aptitude et cess\u00e9 le versement d\u2019indemnit\u00e9s journali\u00e8res. Saisie apr\u00e8s une proc\u00e9dure d\u2019expertise m\u00e9dicale, la cour d\u2019appel avait infirm\u00e9 le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance. La Haute juridiction examine la port\u00e9e de l\u2019avis de l\u2019expert d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le juge et son autorit\u00e9 sur les parties. Elle confirme la d\u00e9cision d\u2019appel en retenant l\u2019obligation de poursuite du versement des indemnit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

L\u2019autorit\u00e9 contraignante de l\u2019expertise judiciaire<\/p>\n

La Cour rappelle le principe fondamental de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019avis de l\u2019expert. Elle fonde sa d\u00e9cision sur une interpr\u00e9tation combin\u00e9e des articles l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e9glementaires applicables. Le dispositif pr\u00e9voit une proc\u00e9dure sp\u00e9cifique pour les contestations d\u2019ordre m\u00e9dical en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale. «Lorsque le juge, saisi d’un diff\u00e9rend portant sur une d\u00e9cision prise apr\u00e8s mise en oeuvre de l’expertise m\u00e9dicale technique pr\u00e9vue par le premier, ordonne, \u00e0 la demande d’une partie, une nouvelle expertise, en application des deux derniers, l’avis de l’expert, d\u00e9sign\u00e9 dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues par le troisi\u00e8me, s’impose \u00e0 l’int\u00e9ress\u00e9 comme \u00e0 la caisse» (Motifs). Cette r\u00e8gle assure la primaut\u00e9 de l\u2019expertise ordonn\u00e9e par le juge sur les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9valuations. Elle consacre la force probante majeure de cette mesure d\u2019instruction dans le contentieux technique de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale. La solution renforce la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique en \u00e9vitant des contestations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es sur des questions purement m\u00e9dicales. Elle aligne la jurisprudence sur le principe d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9gag\u00e9 par d\u2019autres juridictions. «Lorsque le juge saisi d’un diff\u00e9rend portant sur une d\u00e9cision prise apr\u00e8s mise en oeuvre de l’expertise m\u00e9dicale technique, ordonne, \u00e0 la demande d’une partie, une nouvelle expertise, l’avis de l’expert s’impose \u00e0 l’assur\u00e9 comme \u00e0 la caisse» (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 6 avril 2023, n\u00b022\/00293). La port\u00e9e de cette autorit\u00e9 est toutefois encadr\u00e9e par des limites proc\u00e9durales pr\u00e9cises.<\/p>\n

Les limites proc\u00e9durales \u00e0 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019expert<\/p>\n

L\u2019autorit\u00e9 de l\u2019expertise n\u2019est cependant pas absolue et rencontre des limites strictes. La Cour pr\u00e9cise que cette force probante ne vaut que si l\u2019avis est formul\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re claire et d\u00e9finitive. Elle admet la possibilit\u00e9 pour le juge de contourner cet avis dans des hypoth\u00e8ses restreintes. L\u2019expertise ne s\u2019impose plus «sauf au juge \u00e0 ordonner un compl\u00e9ment d’expertise ou, \u00e0 la demande de l’une des parties, une nouvelle expertise lorsque cet avis est ambigu ou manque de clart\u00e9» (Motifs). Cette pr\u00e9cision garantit que l\u2019expertise reste un outil au service de la manifestation de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, la Cour constate que l\u2019expert a men\u00e9 sa mission dans le respect des r\u00e8gles d\u00e9ontologiques. «L’expert d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par la cour d’appel de Colmar a conclu, de fa\u00e7on claire et pr\u00e9cise, apr\u00e8s consultation notamment d’un sapiteur en psychiatrie et apr\u00e8s discussion m\u00e9dicale des \u00e9l\u00e9ments transmis» (Motifs). La valeur de cet arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans la d\u00e9finition d\u2019un \u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de la preuve technique et le pouvoir souverain du juge. Le sens de la solution est de pr\u00e9venir les abus tout en assurant l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la proc\u00e9dure d\u2019expertise. La port\u00e9e pratique est significative pour les caisses et les assur\u00e9s, qui doivent fonder leurs demandes sur des expertises solides. Elle rappelle que la clart\u00e9 des conclusions de l\u2019expert est la condition de leur opposabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour de cassation, chambre sociale, dans un arr\u00eat du 10 juillet 2024, statue sur un litige relatif \u00e0 l\u2019aptitude m\u00e9dicale au travail. 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