{"id":640510,"date":"2026-04-21T21:45:33","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T19:45:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-7-septembre-2023-n23-01045\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T21:45:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T19:45:33","slug":"cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-7-septembre-2023-n23-01045","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-de-versailles-le-7-septembre-2023-n23-01045\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 7 septembre 2023, n\u00b023\/01045"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Versailles, dans un arr\u00eat du 7 septembre 2023, a statu\u00e9 sur le recours form\u00e9 contre un jugement du conseil de prud’hommes. Un cadre dirigeant commercial contestait son licenciement pour insuffisance professionnelle et r\u00e9clamait diverses indemnit\u00e9s. La cour a d\u00fb examiner la validit\u00e9 de la convention de forfait en jours, le caract\u00e8re r\u00e9alisable des objectifs fix\u00e9s pour un bonus, et la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 du motif de licenciement. Elle a prononc\u00e9 la nullit\u00e9 du licenciement pour atteinte \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression, ordonn\u00e9 la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration, et allou\u00e9 plusieurs cr\u00e9ances salariales.<\/p>\n

La protection des droits du salari\u00e9 dans l’ex\u00e9cution du contrat<\/p>\n

La cour encadre strictement le pouvoir de direction de l’employeur concernant la fixation des objectifs. Elle rappelle que si l’employeur peut les d\u00e9finir unilat\u00e9ralement, ils doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9alisables et port\u00e9s \u00e0 la connaissance du salari\u00e9. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’objectif quantitatif imposait une augmentation de 42% du chiffre d’affaires sans moyens suppl\u00e9mentaires. La cour estime que «l’objectif global assign\u00e9 au salari\u00e9 n’\u00e9tait pas raisonnable et r\u00e9aliste». Elle fixe donc le bonus au montant de l’exercice pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, prot\u00e9geant le salari\u00e9 contre des exigences d\u00e9raisonnables.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime du forfait en jours est soumis au strict respect des garanties pr\u00e9vues par l’accord collectif. La cour constate que l’employeur n’a pas justifi\u00e9 de l’\u00e9tablissement du document de contr\u00f4le exig\u00e9. Elle en d\u00e9duit que «l’employeur n’a pas respect\u00e9 les conditions fix\u00e9es par la convention collective pour le contr\u00f4le des jours travaill\u00e9s, ce non-respect emportant l’inopposabilit\u00e9 au salari\u00e9 de la convention». Le salari\u00e9 retrouve ainsi le droit commun des heures suppl\u00e9mentaires, dont la cour \u00e9value souverainement le nombre.<\/p>\n

La sanction de l’atteinte \u00e0 une libert\u00e9 fondamentale<\/p>\n

La cour consacre la nullit\u00e9 du licenciement prononc\u00e9 en raison de l’exercice de la libert\u00e9 d’expression. Elle rel\u00e8ve que les propos reproch\u00e9s, exprimant une inqui\u00e9tude sur des objectifs jug\u00e9s irr\u00e9alistes, n’\u00e9taient «ni injurieux, ni diffamatoire ou excessif». Elle applique la jurisprudence selon laquelle «le caract\u00e8re illicite du motif du licenciement prononc\u00e9, m\u00eame en partie, en raison de l’exercice, par le salari\u00e9, de sa libert\u00e9 d’expression, libert\u00e9 fondamentale, entra\u00eene \u00e0 lui seul la nullit\u00e9 du licenciement» (Soc., 29 juin 2022, n\u00b020-16.060). Cette protection s’applique m\u00eame \u00e0 un cadre membre du comit\u00e9 de direction.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences de cette nullit\u00e9 sont particuli\u00e8rement rigoureuses. La cour ordonne la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et condamne l’employeur au versement de «l’indemnit\u00e9 \u00e9gale au montant de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration qu’il aurait d\u00fb percevoir entre son \u00e9viction de l’entreprise et sa r\u00e9int\u00e9gration, sans d\u00e9duction des \u00e9ventuels revenus de remplacement». Elle suit en cela la solution de la Chambre sociale qui a \u00e9tabli que le salari\u00e9 «a droit au paiement d’une indemnit\u00e9 \u00e9gale au montant de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration qu’il aurait d\u00fb percevoir entre son \u00e9viction de l’entreprise et sa r\u00e9int\u00e9gration, sans d\u00e9duction des \u00e9ventuels revenus de remplacement dont il a pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier pendant cette p\u00e9riode» (Soc., 23 octobre 2024, pourvoi n\u00b0 23-16.479). En contrepartie, le salari\u00e9 doit restituer les indemnit\u00e9s de rupture per\u00e7ues.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat illustre le contr\u00f4le renforc\u00e9 des juges sur le pouvoir de direction, notamment concernant les objectifs et le forfait en jours. Il r\u00e9affirme avec force la protection de la libert\u00e9 d’expression du salari\u00e9, dont la violation entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences financi\u00e8res lourdes pour l’employeur, incluant la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration et le paiement int\u00e9gral des salaires manquants. La d\u00e9cision op\u00e8re ainsi une conciliation exigeante entre les pr\u00e9rogatives de l’employeur et les droits fondamentaux du salari\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Versailles, dans un arr\u00eat du 7 septembre 2023, a statu\u00e9 sur le recours form\u00e9 contre un jugement du conseil de prud’hommes. Un cadre dirige…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e892f7f271a402af33b793","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e892f7f271a402af33b793","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e892f7f271a402af33b793","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Versailles","_kj_chambre":"Chambre sociale 4-2","_kj_rg":"23\/01045","_kj_date":"2025-10-09","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-640510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Versailles, le 7 septembre 2023, n\u00b023\/01045 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Versailles, dans un arr\u00eat du 7 septembre 2023, a statu\u00e9 sur le recours form\u00e9 contre un jugement du conseil de prud'hommes. 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