{"id":651177,"date":"2026-04-22T20:17:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T18:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-13-mai-2025-n25-04804\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T20:17:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T18:17:45","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-13-mai-2025-n25-04804","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-marseille-le-13-mai-2025-n25-04804\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Marseille, le 13 mai 2025, n\u00b025\/04804"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 13 mai 2025. Un bailleur poursuivait le paiement de loyers impay\u00e9s et des accessoires contre ses locataires et leur caution. La proc\u00e9dure \u00e9tait contradictoire par d\u00e9faut. La question principale concernait l’\u00e9tendue de l’obligation de la caution suite \u00e0 l’extinction de la dette principale. Le juge a mis la caution hors de cause et a condamn\u00e9 les locataires aux d\u00e9pens et \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 sur le fondement de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile.<\/p>\n

La mise hors de cause de la caution<\/p>\n

Le principe d’accessoire de l’obligation de cautionnement. La d\u00e9cision rappelle le lien d’accessoire entre l’obligation de la caution et la dette principale du d\u00e9biteur. Le juge constate simplement que «la dette locative \u00e9tant \u00e9teinte, la caution est mise hors de cause». Cette solution applique strictement l’article 2288 du code civil. La port\u00e9e est de r\u00e9affirmer que l’extinction de la dette principale entra\u00eene automatiquement celle de l’engagement de la caution, sans n\u00e9cessiter de d\u00e9bat suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/p>\n

L’absence de discussion sur la dur\u00e9e de l’engagement. Le juge ne s’est pas pench\u00e9 sur les conditions sp\u00e9cifiques de fin de solidarit\u00e9 pour les cautions de colocataires. Une jurisprudence rappelle pourtant que «la solidarit\u00e9 d’un des colocataires et celle de la personne qui s’est port\u00e9e caution pour lui prennent fin \u00e0 la date d’effet du cong\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement d\u00e9livr\u00e9» (Tribunal judiciaire de Lyon, le 16 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b024\/02877). La valeur de la d\u00e9cision comment\u00e9e est de trancher rapidement en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, d\u00e8s lors que l’extinction de la dette n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable.<\/p>\n

Les condamnations accessoires prononc\u00e9es en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le pouvoir du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de provision. Le juge a allou\u00e9 une somme au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Il justifie cette d\u00e9cision en estimant qu'»il serait in\u00e9quitable de laisser \u00e0 la charge [du demandeur] les frais expos\u00e9s par lui». Cette mesure rel\u00e8ve de son pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire pour indemniser les frais non compris dans les d\u00e9pens. La port\u00e9e est de permettre une indemnisation rapide malgr\u00e9 le renvoi des parties sur le principal.<\/p>\n

La distinction entre le fond et l’absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse. La d\u00e9cision illustre les limites de la comp\u00e9tence du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Il renvoie les parties \u00e0 se pourvoir sur le principal, n’ayant pas \u00e0 statuer sur une dette contest\u00e9e. En revanche, il statue sur les accessoires, car l’obligation de supporter les d\u00e9pens n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Le sens est de respecter la nature provisoire de la juridiction des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s tout en assurant une justice efficace.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 13 mai 2025. 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