{"id":653520,"date":"2026-04-23T01:14:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T23:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-25-juin-2025-n22-02844\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T01:14:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T23:14:50","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-25-juin-2025-n22-02844","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-25-juin-2025-n22-02844\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 25 juin 2025, n\u00b022\/02844"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 25 juin 2025, examine le litige opposant un salari\u00e9 \u00e0 son ancien employeur en liquidation judiciaire. Le salari\u00e9 contestait son licenciement pour faute grave et r\u00e9clamait le paiement d’une prime annuelle. La cour infirme partiellement le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance en retenant l’absence de cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse du licenciement mais rejette la demande de prime.<\/p>\n

La preuve des usages et des griefs disciplinaires<\/p>\n

La charge de la preuve p\u00e8se sur le salari\u00e9 pour \u00e9tablir l’existence d’un usage. Le salari\u00e9 invoquait un usage fond\u00e9 sur le versement r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 d’une prime annuelle. La cour rappelle que les crit\u00e8res de g\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9, de constance et de fixit\u00e9 sont cumulatifs. «la preuve d’un usage incombe \u00e0 celui qui l’invoque, que les crit\u00e8res de g\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9, de fixit\u00e9 et de constance sont cumulatifs» (Motifs). Le salari\u00e9, en ne produisant que ses propres bulletins, ne d\u00e9montre pas que la prime \u00e9tait attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 une cat\u00e9gorie du personnel. Cette solution rappelle la rigueur exig\u00e9e dans la preuve des avantages issus d’un usage non \u00e9crit. Elle prot\u00e8ge l’employeur contre des revendications individuelles non g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’employeur doit rapporter la preuve des faits justifiant un licenciement pour faute grave. La cour examine chacun des trois griefs \u00e9nonc\u00e9s dans la lettre de licenciement. Elle constate syst\u00e9matiquement l’absence de preuve. «ni la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 intim\u00e9e ni le liquidateur ne produisent de pi\u00e8ce venant au soutien des moyens d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s (…) \u00e9tant de nature \u00e0 \u00e9tablir la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 ainsi que l’imputabilit\u00e9 directe et personnelle» (Motifs). Ce d\u00e9faut de preuve est fatal \u00e0 la qualification de faute grave. Cette analyse rejoint une jurisprudence constante sur l’obligation probatoire de l’employeur. «La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des faits reproch\u00e9s dans la lettre de licenciement n’est pas \u00e9tablie. Le licenciement est d\u00e9pourvu de cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse» (Cour d’appel de Paris, le 14 janvier 2026, n\u00b022\/06330).<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences d’un licenciement sans cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re une requalification de la rupture et en tire les cons\u00e9quences indemnitaires. La cour, ayant \u00e9cart\u00e9 la faute grave, requalifie le licenciement en rupture sans cause r\u00e9elle et s\u00e9rieuse. Elle accorde en cons\u00e9quence l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des indemnit\u00e9s l\u00e9gales et conventionnelles dues en cas de tel licenciement. Elle fixe \u00e9galement une indemnit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire au titre de l’article L.1235-3 du code du travail. Cette indemnisation compl\u00e8te vise \u00e0 r\u00e9parer le pr\u00e9judice subi du fait d’une rupture injustifi\u00e9e. Elle illustre le pouvoir souverain des juges du fond pour appr\u00e9cier le montant entre les bornes l\u00e9gales.<\/p>\n

Les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de la proc\u00e9dure collective affectent le recouvrement des cr\u00e9ances. La cour d\u00e9clare l’arr\u00eat opposable \u00e0 l’AGS pour la garantie des cr\u00e9ances salariales dans les limites l\u00e9gales. Elle pr\u00e9cise que les int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux cessent \u00e0 l’ouverture de la liquidation. Les sommes allou\u00e9es sont fix\u00e9es au passif de la liquidation judiciaire. Ces mesures encadrent les effets pratiques de la condamnation dans un contexte d’insolvabilit\u00e9 de l’employeur. Elles assurent au salari\u00e9 un recours contre un garant solvable tout en respectant l’ordre des cr\u00e9ances dans la liquidation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 25 juin 2025, examine le litige opposant un salari\u00e9 \u00e0 son ancien employeur en liquidation judiciaire. 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