{"id":654854,"date":"2026-04-23T04:07:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-12-juillet-2024-n23-04721\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T04:07:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T02:07:53","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-12-juillet-2024-n23-04721","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-12-juillet-2024-n23-04721\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 12 juillet 2024, n\u00b023\/04721"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 12 juillet 2024, examine un litige entre un fournisseur d’\u00e9nergie et son client. Le client soutient que son consentement au contrat de fourniture de gaz a \u00e9t\u00e9 vici\u00e9 par violence \u00e9conomique. Les premiers juges ont annul\u00e9 le contrat pour ce vice. La cour d’appel confirme cette annulation et rejette la demande en paiement du fournisseur. Elle infirme cependant la condamnation pour proc\u00e9dure abusive.<\/p>\n

La caract\u00e9risation de l’\u00e9tat de d\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique<\/p>\n

Les conditions d’\u00e9tablissement de la d\u00e9pendance. La violence \u00e9conomique n\u00e9cessite un \u00e9tat de subordination \u00e9conomique et son exploitation abusive. Cet \u00e9tat suppose l’absence de solution de remplacement \u00e9quivalente pour la partie d\u00e9pendante. En l’esp\u00e8ce, le fournisseur a maintenu la fourniture apr\u00e8s le terme initial en indiquant de nouvelles \u00e9ch\u00e9ances. Il a ensuite adress\u00e9 un courriel alarmiste \u00e9voquant une proc\u00e9dure de mise hors service imminente. Ce courriel fut envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 un ing\u00e9nieur m\u00e9thode en p\u00e9riode estivale, sans d\u00e9lai pour r\u00e9agir. Ces man’uvres ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une urgence artificielle et contraignante pour le client.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est significative pour les pratiques commerciales. Elle rappelle que la prolongation des relations contractuelles peut engendrer une d\u00e9pendance. L’exploitation d’une situation cr\u00e9\u00e9e par le fournisseur lui-m\u00eame est constitutive d’un \u00e9tat de contrainte. La jurisprudence d\u00e9finit cet \u00e9tat comme une subordination \u00e9conomique sans solution de remplacement. «La violence \u00e9conomique suppose l’existence d’un \u00e9tat de d\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique, d\u00e9finie comme la situation dans laquelle une personne, ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant pas de solution de remplacement \u00e9quivalente, se trouve \u00e9conomiquement subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 une autre» (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 1 octobre 2025, n\u00b023\/04721). La cour applique strictement cette d\u00e9finition aux circonstances de l’esp\u00e8ce.<\/p>\n

L’exploitation abusive et l’avantage excessif<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9monstration de l’exploitation et de son caract\u00e8re d\u00e9terminant. Le fournisseur a profit\u00e9 de la crainte d’une coupure pour imposer des conditions non n\u00e9goci\u00e9es. Le client a sign\u00e9 le nouveau contrat en moins d’une heure apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9ception de la menace. La cour rel\u00e8ve que cette r\u00e9action d\u00e9montre la crainte d\u00e9terminante pour son consentement. Sans cette pression ill\u00e9gitime, le client n’aurait pas souscrit \u00e0 un engagement aussi d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9. L’\u00e9l\u00e9ment intentionnel r\u00e9side dans l’utilisation d’une menace sciemment infond\u00e9e pour obtenir la signature.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences en termes de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre contractuel. Le contrat impos\u00e9 pr\u00e9sentait une dur\u00e9e de cinquante-quatre mois, inadapt\u00e9e aux besoins du client. Le prix unitaire du gaz avait augment\u00e9 de vingt-sept pour cent entre les deux contrats. Cette hausse intervenait dans un contexte de baisse g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des prix de march\u00e9. La cour en d\u00e9duit que le fournisseur a tir\u00e9 un avantage manifestement excessif de cette situation. La combinaison d’une dur\u00e9e excessive et d’une tarification sur\u00e9lev\u00e9e caract\u00e9rise l’exploitation abusive.<\/p>\n

La valeur de cet arr\u00eat est d’articuler clairement les diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la violence \u00e9conomique. Il pr\u00e9cise que l’ill\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la menace est \u00e9tablie lorsque le cr\u00e9ancier de la menace en conna\u00eet le caract\u00e8re infond\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision prot\u00e8ge ainsi la partie faible contre les pratiques commerciales agressives exploitant une relation de d\u00e9pendance. Elle renforce l’exigence de loyaut\u00e9 dans la formation du contrat, m\u00eame entre professionnels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 12 juillet 2024, examine un litige entre un fournisseur d’\u00e9nergie et son client. 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