{"id":656601,"date":"2026-04-23T07:38:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:38:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-lille-le-13-septembre-2025-n24-01665\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:38:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:38:34","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-lille-le-13-septembre-2025-n24-01665","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-lille-le-13-septembre-2025-n24-01665\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Lille, le 13 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/01665"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en dernier ressort, a rendu un arr\u00eat le 13 septembre 2025. L’affaire concernait un litige locatif portant sur la restitution d’un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie et la r\u00e9gularisation de charges. Suite \u00e0 un premier jugement rendu par d\u00e9faut, une opposition fut form\u00e9e. La juridiction devait se prononcer sur la recevabilit\u00e9 de cette opposition et sur le fond du diff\u00e9rend locatif. Elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’opposition recevable et condamn\u00e9 le bailleur \u00e0 restituer les sommes ind\u00fbment retenues.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 de l’opposition et la d\u00e9termination de la p\u00e9riode locative<\/p>\n

L’examen de la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’opposition fut prioritaire. Le juge a rappel\u00e9 le principe selon lequel «les fins de non-recevoir doivent \u00eatre relev\u00e9es d’office lorsqu’elles ont un caract\u00e8re d’ordre public, notamment lorsqu’elles r\u00e9sultent de l’inobservation des d\u00e9lais» (Discussion). L’opposition \u00e0 un jugement par d\u00e9faut doit \u00eatre form\u00e9e dans le mois suivant sa signification. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la signification \u00e9tant intervenue le 29 janvier 2024 et l’opposition le 9 f\u00e9vrier 2024, le d\u00e9lai \u00e9tait respect\u00e9. Cette solution rappelle l’importance du respect des d\u00e9lais proc\u00e9duraux, dont l’inobservation est d’ordre public. Elle confirme \u00e9galement une jurisprudence constante sur le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai d’opposition, comme le soulignait le Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg : «le jugement rendu par d\u00e9faut en dernier ressort peut \u00eatre frapp\u00e9 d’opposition dans le d\u00e9lai d’un mois \u00e0 compter de la notification du jugement» (Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg, le 6 novembre 2025, n\u00b025\/05020). Sur le fond, une divergence persistait quant aux dates de prise d’effet et de restitution du bail. Le juge a constat\u00e9 une incoh\u00e9rence entre la date figurant sur le bail sign\u00e9 et les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments du dossier. Les factures et d\u00e9comptes produits par le bailleur lui-m\u00eame, arr\u00eat\u00e9s au 10 juin 2022, ont permis d’\u00e9tablir la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des faits. Ces pi\u00e8ces ont corrobor\u00e9 la version des locataires, fixant la p\u00e9riode locative de juin 2021 \u00e0 juin 2022. Le juge a ainsi privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 la preuve concr\u00e8te et concordante sur la seule mention erron\u00e9e d’un acte, assurant une exacte qualification de la relation contractuelle.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le strict des justifications pour la r\u00e9tention du d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie<\/p>\n

Le c\u0153ur du litige portait sur la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des retenues op\u00e9r\u00e9es sur le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie. Le juge a rigoureusement appliqu\u00e9 le cadre l\u00e9gal de l’article 22 de la loi du 6 juillet 1989. Il a rappel\u00e9 que la restitution doit intervenir dans un d\u00e9lai de deux mois, d\u00e9duction faite des sommes «d\u00fbment justifi\u00e9es» (Discussion). Concernant les d\u00e9gradations all\u00e9gu\u00e9es, le bailleur a \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 rapporter la preuve de leur existence. L’absence d’\u00e9tat des lieux de sortie fut d\u00e9terminante. Le juge a constat\u00e9 que «le bailleur ne d\u00e9montre donc pas des d\u00e9gradations et du d\u00e9faut d’entretien all\u00e9gu\u00e9s» (Discussion). Cette exigence probatoire stricte prot\u00e8ge le locataire contre des retenues arbitraires. Pour les charges, l’analyse fut tout aussi s\u00e9v\u00e8re. La clause du bail pr\u00e9voyant un forfait pour l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et internet fut jug\u00e9e non conforme. Elle violait l’article 25-10 en pr\u00e9voyant une r\u00e9gularisation, ce qu’un forfait interdit. Le bailleur \u00e9tait donc «mal fond\u00e9 \u00e0 retenir la somme» correspondante (Discussion). Le d\u00e9compte pour les charges de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 fut \u00e9galement rejet\u00e9 car il ne constituait pas «un d\u00e9compte par nature de charges au sens des dispositions pr\u00e9cit\u00e9es» et \u00e9tait d\u00e9pourvu de pi\u00e8ces justificatives (Discussion). Ce contr\u00f4le approfondi garantit la transparence et la justification exacte de toute retenue. La d\u00e9cision applique ainsi avec rigueur la jurisprudence existante, qui pr\u00e9cise que la restitution s’effectue «d\u00e9duction faite, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, des sommes restant dues au bailleur et des sommes dont celui-ci pourrait \u00eatre tenu aux lieu et place du locataire, sous r\u00e9serve qu’elles soient d\u00fbment justifi\u00e9es» (Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 15 mai 2025, n\u00b025\/00305). Enfin, le juge a appliqu\u00e9 la p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale pour retard de restitution, calcul\u00e9e jusqu’\u00e0 parfaite ex\u00e9cution. Il a aussi ordonn\u00e9 la restitution des provisions sur charges non justifi\u00e9es, tout en d\u00e9boutant la demande de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour r\u00e9sistance abusive. Cette d\u00e9cision renforce les obligations probatoires du bailleur et sanctionne leur m\u00e9connaissance. Elle assure une protection effective des locataires en exigeant une justification pr\u00e9cise et document\u00e9e de toute retenue sur le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant en dernier ressort, a rendu un arr\u00eat le 13 septembre 2025. 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