{"id":656603,"date":"2026-04-23T07:39:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-narbonne-le-16-janvier-2026-n25-00153\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:39:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:39:04","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-narbonne-le-16-janvier-2026-n25-00153","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-narbonne-le-16-janvier-2026-n25-00153\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Narbonne, le 16 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/00153"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 16 janvier 2026. Des vendeurs d’un bien lou\u00e9 commercialement ont intent\u00e9 une action contre le locataire apr\u00e8s la vente. Ils contestent le calcul de l’indemnit d’\u00e9viction et demandent communication de documents. Le juge a d’abord examin\u00e9 leur int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir apr\u00e8s la cession du bien. La solution retenue d\u00e9clare les demandeurs irrecevables dans leur action en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir pour la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action<\/p>\n

La condition d’un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime est une r\u00e8gle fondamentale de proc\u00e9dure. L’action en justice est ouverte \u00e0 tous ceux qui ont un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime au succ\u00e8s d’une pr\u00e9tention. (I. Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 des demandes) Toute pr\u00e9tention \u00e9mise par une personne d\u00e9pourvue du droit d’agir est irrecevable. (I. Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 des demandes) Ce principe s’applique pleinement en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, malgr\u00e9 l’urgence all\u00e9gu\u00e9e. Le juge v\u00e9rifie ainsi que le demandeur est bien la personne concern\u00e9e par le litige actuel.<\/p>\n

L’analyse de la subrogation et du transfert des droits apr\u00e8s la vente<\/p>\n

L’acte de vente stipule que l’acqu\u00e9reur est propri\u00e9taire du bien \u00e0 compter de ce jour. (page 7) Il pr\u00e9cise \u00e9galement que le vendeur d\u00e9clare subroger l’acqu\u00e9reur dans tous ses droits et actions relatifs au bien. (page 12) La clause de garantie de jouissance ne modifie pas ce transfert fondamental. Le vendeur s’oblige seulement \u00e0 prendre \u00e0 sa charge les frais de r\u00e9siliation dudit bail. (Clause Garantie de jouissance) La charge financi\u00e8re ne conf\u00e8re pas pour autant la qualit\u00e9 pour agir en justice.<\/p>\n

La perte de la qualit\u00e9 pour agir des vendeurs apr\u00e8s la cession<\/p>\n

Ce sont bien les acqu\u00e9reurs, nouveaux propri\u00e9taires qui sont subrog\u00e9s dans tous les droits et actions. (I. Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 des demandes) Il leur appartient d\u00e8s lors de solder l’issue du bail, dont ils sont devenus titulaires. (I. Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 des demandes) Ils sont les d\u00e9biteurs, dans le rapport au locataire, de l’indemnit\u00e9 d’\u00e9viction. (I. Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 des demandes) Les vendeurs initiaux sont donc irrecevables \u00e0 agir \u00e0 l’encontre du locataire commercial. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge le principe de l’opposabilit\u00e9 des conventions aux seules parties.<\/p>\n

La modulation des condamnations financi\u00e8res au nom de l’\u00e9quit\u00e9<\/p>\n

La partie perdante est normalement condamn\u00e9e aux d\u00e9pens selon l’article 696 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Le juge peut moduler cette condamnation au titre des frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles. Il tient compte de l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 ou de la situation \u00e9conomique de la partie condamn\u00e9e. (II. Sur les frais du proc\u00e8s) En l’esp\u00e8ce, le locataire n’a fourni aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment pour le calcul de l’indemnit\u00e9 d’\u00e9viction. Il serait n\u00e9anmoins in\u00e9quitable de mettre \u00e0 la charge des vendeurs une quelconque somme. (II. Sur les frais du proc\u00e8s) Le juge use ainsi de son pouvoir d’appr\u00e9ciation pour temp\u00e9rer les cons\u00e9quences proc\u00e9durales.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle avec rigueur l’effet translatif de la vente sur les actions attach\u00e9es au bien. La subrogation op\u00e8re un transfert complet des droits, isolant l’ancien propri\u00e9taire du rapport juridique avec le locataire. La jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure confirmait que la garantie d’\u00e9viction pouvait maintenir un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir pour le vendeur. «Eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 la revendication de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, il y a lieu de dire que les \u00e9poux ont int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 agir.» (Cour d’appel de Paris, le 25 ao\u00fbt 2023, n\u00b021\/16015) En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’absence de trouble sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et la simple question de l’indemnit\u00e9 renvoient aux acqu\u00e9reurs.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de l’ordonnance est significative pour la pratique des cessions de biens lou\u00e9s. Elle distingue nettement l’obligation de payer des frais de la qualit\u00e9 pour agir en justice. Le vendeur peut contractuellement supporter un co\u00fbt sans pour autant se substituer \u00e0 l’acqu\u00e9reur dans les proc\u00e9dures. La solution pr\u00e9serve la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des transactions et la clart\u00e9 des rapports contractuels. Elle \u00e9vite les actions parall\u00e8les et d\u00e9finit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le r\u00f4le de chaque partie apr\u00e8s la vente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 16 janvier 2026. Des vendeurs d’un bien lou\u00e9 commercialement ont intent\u00e9 une action con…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e55ced0e2901d10fa3a4f4","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e55ced0e2901d10fa3a4f4","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e55ced0e2901d10fa3a4f4","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Narbonne","_kj_chambre":"NOUVEAU REFERES","_kj_rg":"25\/00153","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Narbonne, le 16 janvier 2026, n\u00b025\/00153 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 16 janvier 2026. 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Le bailleur, agissant pour le recouvrement de loyers...","rel":"","context":"\u0412 "Jurisprudence"","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-btf-2n_Kcgw-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-btf-2n_Kcgw-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-btf-2n_Kcgw-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-btf-2n_Kcgw-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-btf-2n_Kcgw-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-btf-2n_Kcgw-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=656603"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656603\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=656603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=656603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=656603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}