{"id":656762,"date":"2026-04-23T07:52:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-caen-le-30-septembre-2025-n24-03435\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T07:52:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T05:52:32","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-caen-le-30-septembre-2025-n24-03435","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-caen-le-30-septembre-2025-n24-03435\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Caen, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/03435"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Caen, en sa troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, a statu\u00e9 le trente septembre deux mille vingt-cinq. L’affaire opposait un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 une personne physique concernant un contrat de pr\u00eat. La d\u00e9fenderesse avait form\u00e9 opposition \u00e0 une ordonnance d’injonction de payer. Les juges ont examin\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de cette opposition puis le fond de la demande en paiement. Ils ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’opposition recevable et ont d\u00e9bout\u00e9 l’\u00e9tablissement financier de l’ensemble de ses demandes.<\/p>\n

Sur la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’opposition<\/p>\n

Le tribunal rappelle les conditions du d\u00e9lai pour contester une injonction. Le texte pr\u00e9voit un mois suivant la signification de l’ordonnance pour former opposition. Ce d\u00e9lai ne court pas si l’acte n’est pas signifi\u00e9 \u00e0 personne. «En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, l\u2019ordonnance du 05 ao\u00fbt 2024 a \u00e9t\u00e9 signifi\u00e9e le 12 ao\u00fbt 2024 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude du commissaire de Justice. Aucun acte n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 signifi\u00e9 \u00e0 personne et aucune mesure d’ex\u00e9cution n’a rendu les biens du d\u00e9biteur indisponibles.» (Motifs) La solution retenue est conforme \u00e0 une jurisprudence constante sur le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai. Un tribunal a d\u00e9j\u00e0 jug\u00e9 que «la signification de l’ordonnance d’injonction de payer n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 faite \u00e0 personne, et il n’est pas contest\u00e9 que le d\u00e9lai d’opposition n’a pu commencer \u00e0 courir dans ces conditions.» (Tribunal judiciaire de Verdun, le 2 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b025\/00005) Cette rigueur proc\u00e9durale prot\u00e8ge les droits de la d\u00e9fense. Elle garantit qu’un d\u00e9biteur ne peut \u00eatre priv\u00e9 de recours sans notification effective.<\/p>\n

Sur le fondement de la demande en paiement<\/p>\n

Les juges analysent la validit\u00e9 du consentement au contrat litigieux. La d\u00e9fenderesse soutenait que sa signature avait \u00e9t\u00e9 falsifi\u00e9e par son ex-conjoint. L’examen des pi\u00e8ces et une attestation ont convaincu le tribunal. «Il d\u00e9coule de l’examen des pi\u00e8ces produites en d\u00e9fense que la signature de Madame [X] n\u2019est pas similaire \u00e0 celle figurant sur le contrat de pr\u00eat et que le caract\u00e8re grossier de l\u2019imitation de signature est av\u00e9r\u00e9.» (Motifs) L’absence de consentement personnel est ainsi \u00e9tablie de mani\u00e8re certaine. La banque ne pouvait invoquer la solidarit\u00e9 entre \u00e9poux pour ce pr\u00eat. «Le pr\u00eat litigieux portait sur une somme de 16.820 euros. Il n\u2019est pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 (…) que le pr\u00eat portait sur une somme modeste n\u00e9cessaire aux besoins de la vie courante.» (Motifs) Le rejet de la demande en paiement en d\u00e9coule logiquement. Cette solution rappelle l’importance du consentement expr\u00e8s et v\u00e9rifi\u00e9. Elle met \u00e0 la charge du cr\u00e9ancier une obligation de diligence lors de la signature.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est significative en mati\u00e8re de preuve et de proc\u00e9dure. Elle rappelle la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une signification effective pour faire courir les d\u00e9lais. Le cr\u00e9ancier doit s’assurer que l’acte parvient personnellement au d\u00e9biteur. Sur le fond, l’arr\u00eat prot\u00e8ge l’\u00e9poux contre un engagement frauduleux. Il exige des \u00e9tablissements pr\u00eateurs une vigilance accrue quant \u00e0 l’authenticit\u00e9 des signatures. La banque ne pouvait se pr\u00e9valoir d’un document manifestement falsifi\u00e9. Cette jurisprudence rejoint une pr\u00e9occupation contemporaine de s\u00e9curisation des actes. Elle souligne que la simple production d’un document sign\u00e9 ne suffit pas. Le juge doit v\u00e9rifier la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du consentement lorsque la fraude est plausible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Caen, en sa troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, a statu\u00e9 le trente septembre deux mille vingt-cinq. L’affaire opposait un \u00e9tablissement de cr…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e96ac03ea43407b911e0df","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e96ac03ea43407b911e0df","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e96ac03ea43407b911e0df","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Caen","_kj_chambre":"3\u00e8me chambre civile","_kj_rg":"24\/03435","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Caen, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b024\/03435 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tribunal judiciaire de Caen, en sa troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, a statu\u00e9 le trente septembre deux mille vingt-cinq. 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