{"id":661608,"date":"2026-04-23T17:47:31","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-25-septembre-2025-n22-06189\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T17:47:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T15:47:31","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-25-septembre-2025-n22-06189","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-25-septembre-2025-n22-06189\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/06189"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 25 septembre 2025, se prononce sur un litige n\u00e9 de la r\u00e9siliation anticip\u00e9e d’un bail commercial. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 locataire initiale et le bailleur ont r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 cette r\u00e9siliation par un acte du 29 juillet 2021, pr\u00e9voyant une redevance mensuelle. Le bailleur sollicite ensuite la nullit\u00e9 de cet acte pour dol, all\u00e9guant avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 tromp\u00e9 sur l’\u00e9tat des lieux et ses perspectives locatives. Le Tribunal rejette l’ensemble des demandes du bailleur et condamne ce dernier au paiement des redevances impay\u00e9es, soulignant une carence g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e dans l’administration de la preuve.<\/p>\n

La rigueur de l’exigence probatoire en mati\u00e8re de vice du consentement<\/p>\n

Le juge rappelle avec fermet\u00e9 les conditions de la preuve du dol. L’article 1137 du code civil dispose que «le dol est le fait pour un contractant d’obtenir le consentement de l’autre par des man\u0153uvres ou des mensonges». Le bailleur invoque une tromperie sur les travaux et le gain locatif escompt\u00e9. Cependant, le Tribunal constate que le bailleur «ne caract\u00e9rise pas les man\u0153uvres ou mensonges» de son cocontractant et «n’en rapporte pas la preuve». Cette absence de caract\u00e9risation et de preuve est fatale \u00e0 sa demande. La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est essentielle pour la pratique contractuelle. Elle rappelle que l’all\u00e9gation d’un dol, vice subjectif, n\u00e9cessite une d\u00e9monstration pr\u00e9cise des agissements r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensibles. Une simple erreur sur la valeur \u00e9conomique de l’op\u00e9ration, non communiqu\u00e9e, est insuffisante. La solution renforce ainsi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des conventions en exigeant une preuve solide pour les remettre en cause.<\/p>\n

La force obligatoire du contrat et la charge de la preuve des inex\u00e9cutions<\/p>\n

Le Tribunal applique strictement le principe de la force obligatoire des conventions. L’article 1103 du code civil dispose que «les contrats l\u00e9galement form\u00e9s tiennent lieu de loi \u00e0 ceux qui les ont faits». L’acte de r\u00e9siliation, valablement conclu, lie donc les parties. Pour \u00e9chapper \u00e0 ses obligations p\u00e9cuniaires, le bailleur invoque la survenance d’\u00e9v\u00e9nements ext\u00e9rieurs, comme la d\u00e9faillance d’un nouveau locataire. Le juge \u00e9carte ces moyens au motif que le bailleur «ne rapporte pas la preuve» des dates des incidents ou de la r\u00e9siliation par le nouveau preneur. La valeur de ce raisonnement r\u00e9side dans son rappel \u00e0 l’ordre proc\u00e9dural. L’article 9 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile pr\u00e9voit qu'»il incombe \u00e0 chaque partie de prouver conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la loi les faits n\u00e9cessaires au succ\u00e8s de sa pr\u00e9tention». La d\u00e9cision illustre que le juge ne peut suppl\u00e9er les carences des parties. Cette rigueur s’applique aussi aux demandes indemnitaires, toutes d\u00e9bout\u00e9es faute de preuve du pr\u00e9judice ou du lien de causalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La gestion des obligations locatives en fin de contrat<\/p>\n

Le diff\u00e9rend portait \u00e9galement sur les frais de remise en \u00e9tat des lieux. Le bailleur soutenait que le locataire initial avait ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 des travaux non autoris\u00e9s. Pour trancher, le Tribunal mobilise le r\u00e9gime l\u00e9gal des obligations du preneur. L’article 1728 du code civil impose au locataire d'»user de la chose lou\u00e9e raisonnablement». La charge de prouver le manquement \u00e0 cette obligation p\u00e8se sur le bailleur. Or, ce dernier n’a produit «aucune pi\u00e8ce de nature \u00e0 \u00e9tablir l’\u00e9tat des lieux \u00e0 l’entr\u00e9e» ni «\u00e0 la sortie». Les constats produits intervenaient plusieurs mois apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9part, avec un nouveau locataire en place. La port\u00e9e pratique de cette solution est significative. Elle souligne l’importance cruciale des \u00e9tats des lieux contradictoires et contemporains de la restitution. Sans ces preuves, toute r\u00e9clamation pour d\u00e9gradations ou travaux non autoris\u00e9s est vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec, pr\u00e9servant ainsi le locataire sortant de demandes non \u00e9tay\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 25 septembre 2025, se prononce sur un litige n\u00e9 de la r\u00e9siliation anticip\u00e9e d’un bail commercial. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 loc…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-661608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/06189 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 25 septembre 2025, se prononce sur un litige n\u00e9 de la r\u00e9siliation anticip\u00e9e d'un bail commercial. 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