{"id":662570,"date":"2026-04-23T19:48:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T17:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-25-septembre-2025-n25-02342\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T19:48:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T17:48:01","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-25-septembre-2025-n25-02342","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-25-septembre-2025-n25-02342\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/02342"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant par jugement du 25 septembre 2025, examine une action en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. L’\u00e9tablissement pr\u00eateur r\u00e9clame le solde d\u00fb par l’emprunteur, lequel oppose l’absence de consultation pr\u00e9alable du fichier des incidents de remboursement des cr\u00e9dits aux particuliers. Le juge, apr\u00e8s avoir v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 la recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande, se prononce sur la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du contrat et la sanction de l’omission. Il prononce la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats et limite la cr\u00e9ance au seul capital restant d\u00fb, condamnant l’emprunteur \u00e0 payer cette somme r\u00e9duite.<\/p>\n

La sanction d’une obligation probatoire essentielle<\/p>\n

L’exigence d’une consultation pr\u00e9contractuelle du FICP. Le juge rappelle le fondement l\u00e9gal de l’obligation de consulter le fichier avant toute conclusion de contrat. Il cite l’article L. 312-16 du code de la consommation qui dispose que » Avant de conclure le contrat de cr\u00e9dit, le pr\u00eateur (…) consulte le fichier pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 l’article L. 751-1 «. Cette formalit\u00e9 constitue une condition de r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l’op\u00e9ration de cr\u00e9dit, impos\u00e9e dans l’int\u00e9r\u00eat de la protection de l’emprunteur. La jurisprudence constante \u00e9tablit que la charge de la preuve de cette consultation p\u00e8se sur le cr\u00e9ancier qui r\u00e9clame l’ex\u00e9cution du contrat. En l’absence de production d’un justificatif valable, le manquement est \u00e9tabli.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats comme sanction proportionn\u00e9e. Le d\u00e9faut de preuve entra\u00eene une sanction financi\u00e8re directe pour le pr\u00eateur. Le juge applique l’article L. 341-2 du code de la consommation qui pr\u00e9voit que le pr\u00eateur qui n’a pas respect\u00e9 cette obligation » est d\u00e9chu du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats, en totalit\u00e9 ou dans la proportion fix\u00e9e par le juge «. Cette d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance s’\u00e9tend aux frais, commissions et assurances, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation. La sanction vise \u00e0 priver le cr\u00e9ancier du b\u00e9n\u00e9fice financier de l’op\u00e9ration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re, r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrant ainsi les positions contractuelles. Elle rappelle le caract\u00e8re d’ordre public de ces dispositions protectrices.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences patrimoniales de l’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le recalculation de la cr\u00e9ance limit\u00e9e au capital. La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance des int\u00e9r\u00eats modifie radicalement l’assiette de la dette. Le juge applique le m\u00e9canisme de l’article L. 341-8 du code de la consommation pr\u00e9cisant que le d\u00e9biteur n’est tenu qu’au » remboursement du seul capital restant d\u00fb, apr\u00e8s d\u00e9duction des int\u00e9r\u00eats r\u00e9gl\u00e9s \u00e0 tort «. Il proc\u00e8de donc \u00e0 un nouveau calcul en soustrayant du capital initial la totalit\u00e9 des sommes d\u00e9j\u00e0 vers\u00e9es par l’emprunteur. Cette op\u00e9ration aboutit \u00e0 une cr\u00e9ance consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duite, excluant par ailleurs toute indemnit\u00e9 pour frais de recouvrement. La logique est restitutoire et vise \u00e0 remettre les parties dans la situation o\u00f9 le seul service financ\u00e9 par le pr\u00eateur est pris en compte.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre des r\u00e8gles proc\u00e9durales protectrices. La d\u00e9cision int\u00e8gre les modalit\u00e9s d’ex\u00e9cution de la condamnation dans un souci d’\u00e9quit\u00e9. Le juge rappelle l’application de l’article 1343-5 du code civil suspendant les proc\u00e9dures d’ex\u00e9cution pendant les d\u00e9lais de paiement. Il refuse d’allouer des frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles au pr\u00eateur, consid\u00e9rant que l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 ne le commande pas. En revanche, il maintient le principe de l’ex\u00e9cution provisoire de droit, compatible avec la nature de l’affaire. Ces mesures d’application concr\u00e8te accompagnent la sanction substantielle et en assurent l’effectivit\u00e9 tout en temp\u00e9rant ses effets pour le d\u00e9biteur condamn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est significative en mati\u00e8re de preuve des obligations pr\u00e9contractuelles. Elle confirme que le pr\u00eateur doit produire un justificatif conforme, tel qu’exig\u00e9 par les arr\u00eat\u00e9s d’application, et ne peut se contenter d’all\u00e9gations. Cette rigueur rejoint celle observ\u00e9e dans d’autres juridictions, o\u00f9 un document au format non r\u00e9glementaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9 insuffisant. » la mention d’une telle cl\u00e9, dont le pr\u00eateur dispose des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs, et qu’il peut donc fa\u00e7onner lui-m\u00eame (…) ne constitue pas la preuve de la consultation exig\u00e9e » (Tribunal judiciaire de N\u00eemes, le 15 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/00407). La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans l’application stricte de la sanction, qui op\u00e8re un rejet des int\u00e9r\u00eats et un recalcul int\u00e9gral de la dette. Elle rappelle avec force le caract\u00e8re substantiel de l’obligation de consultation du FICP, dont le respect conditionne la validit\u00e9 m\u00eame de la cr\u00e9ance du pr\u00eateur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant par jugement du 25 septembre 2025, examine une action en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. L’\u00e9tablis…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d701dcd22713eb88cacc0c","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d701dcd22713eb88cacc0c","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d701dcd22713eb88cacc0c","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Grenoble","_kj_chambre":"Ch4.3 JCP","_kj_rg":"25\/02342","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-662570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/02342 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant par jugement du 25 septembre 2025, examine une action en paiement relative \u00e0 un cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation. 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