{"id":662616,"date":"2026-04-23T19:51:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T17:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulouse-le-19-janvier-2025-n24-00514\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T19:51:56","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T17:51:56","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulouse-le-19-janvier-2025-n24-00514","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-toulouse-le-19-janvier-2025-n24-00514\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Toulouse, le 19 janvier 2025, n\u00b024\/00514"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en mati\u00e8re de contentieux de la protection, a rendu une d\u00e9cision le 19 janvier 2025. Cette affaire concernait un litige locatif portant sur un logement jug\u00e9 insalubre par les autorit\u00e9s sanitaires. La locataire demandait r\u00e9paration de son pr\u00e9judice moral, tandis que la propri\u00e9taire soulevait la prescription et formait des demandes reconventionnelles. Le juge a d\u00fb trancher sur l’application du d\u00e9lai de prescription triennal aux actions en r\u00e9paration d’un pr\u00e9judice moral d\u00e9rivant d’un bail. Il a \u00e9galement examin\u00e9 le fond de la demande indemnitaire et les diverses demandes reconventionnelles. Le tribunal a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l’action recevable et a condamn\u00e9 la propri\u00e9taire \u00e0 indemniser le pr\u00e9judice moral de la locataire, tout en rejetant l’essentiel des demandes de la bailleresse.<\/p>\n

La prescription triennale et l’\u00e9tendue de son champ d’application<\/p>\n

Le juge a d’abord \u00e9cart\u00e9 l’exception de prescription soulev\u00e9e par la propri\u00e9taire. Le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 \u00e0 la date du rapport de l’agence r\u00e9gionale de sant\u00e9 confirmant l’insalubrit\u00e9. Le tribunal consid\u00e8re que ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 compter de la date d\u2019\u00e9tablissement du rapport de l\u2019ARS que la locataire pouvait avoir connaissance de son droit de solloger son relogement et faire valoir ses droits inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 sa qualit\u00e9 de locataire. Cette interpr\u00e9tation retarde le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription \u00e0 la prise de conscience effective du droit, prot\u00e9geant ainsi la partie l\u00e9s\u00e9e. La solution s’inscrit dans la logique de l’article 7-1 de la loi de 1989, qui fait courir le d\u00e9lai \u00e0 compter de la connaissance des faits. Elle en pr\u00e9cise la mise en \u0153uvre pour les situations de d\u00e9gradation progressive r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par une expertise officielle.<\/p>\n

Surtout, la d\u00e9cision affirme que le pr\u00e9judice moral \u00e9chappe au r\u00e9gime sp\u00e9cifique de la prescription locative. Le magistrat \u00e0 titre temporaire statuant en qualit\u00e9 de juge des contentieux de la protection dit n\u2019y avoir lieu \u00e0 appliquer les dispositions de l\u2019article 7-1 de la loi du 6\/07\/1989 \u00e0 un pr\u00e9judice moral. Cette analyse dissocie l’action en responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9lictuelle du cadre strictement contractuel du bail. Elle \u00e9carte ainsi l’application de la jurisprudence qui unifie le d\u00e9lai pour toutes les actions d\u00e9rivant du contrat. «toutes actions d\u00e9rivant d’un contrat de bail sont prescrites par trois ans \u00e0 compter du jour o\u00f9 le titulaire d’un droit a connu ou aurait d\u00fb conna\u00eetre les faits lui permettant d’exercer ce droit» (Cass. Troisi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 6 avril 2023, n\u00b022-13.778). Le jugement op\u00e8re une distinction entre les actions contractuelles pures et les actions en r\u00e9paration d’un dommage extra-patrimonial, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 une prescription de droit commun.<\/p>\n

La sanction des obligations locatives et le rejet des demandes abusives<\/p>\n

Sur le fond, la responsabilit\u00e9 de la propri\u00e9taire est retenue pour manquement \u00e0 ses obligations l\u00e9gales. Le juge constate un d\u00e9faut de d\u00e9livrance et d’entretien d’un logement d\u00e9cent au regard des crit\u00e8res r\u00e9glementaires. Le logement doit satisfaire aux conditions suivantes, au regard de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique et de la sant\u00e9 des locataires (d\u00e9cret N\u00b02002-120 du 30 janvier 2002). La violation de ces obligations constitutives du contrat justifie la condamnation \u00e0 r\u00e9parer le pr\u00e9judice moral subi. La d\u00e9cision rappelle avec force le contenu imp\u00e9ratif de l’obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent. Elle en fait le fondement autonome d’une indemnisation pour souffrances endur\u00e9es du fait de l’insalubrit\u00e9, ind\u00e9pendamment de tout pr\u00e9judice mat\u00e9riel.<\/p>\n

Les demandes reconventionnelles de la propri\u00e9taire sont presque int\u00e9gralement rejet\u00e9es. Le tribunal souligne l’absence de preuve pour les frais de relogement et l’impossibilit\u00e9 d’imputer les d\u00e9gradations \u00e0 la locataire en l’absence d’\u00e9tat des lieux. Il rel\u00e8ve surtout que les travaux effectu\u00e9s par la bailleresse constituaient une construction nouvelle non autoris\u00e9e. Des travaux ou r\u00e9parations n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prescrits par cet arr\u00eat\u00e9 pr\u00e9fectoral (proc\u00e8s-verbal d’infraction du 19\/01\/2025). Ce rejet sanctionne les agissements de la propri\u00e9taire qui a contrevenu \u00e0 un arr\u00eat\u00e9 d’insalubrit\u00e9. La d\u00e9cision prot\u00e8ge le locataire contre des r\u00e9clamations infond\u00e9es et dissuade les bailleurs de m\u00e9conna\u00eetre les injonctions des autorit\u00e9s de police.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant en mati\u00e8re de contentieux de la protection, a rendu une d\u00e9cision le 19 janvier 2025. 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