{"id":664263,"date":"2026-04-23T22:22:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T20:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-26-juin-2025-n24-01358\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T22:22:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T20:22:46","slug":"cour-dappel-de-douai-le-26-juin-2025-n24-01358","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-26-juin-2025-n24-01358\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Douai, le 26 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/01358"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La cour d’appel de Douai, statuant le 26 juin 2025, examine un litige relatif \u00e0 la reconnaissance du caract\u00e8re professionnel d’une sid\u00e9rose. L’int\u00e9ress\u00e9, expos\u00e9 aux poussi\u00e8res de fer, invoque le tableau n\u00b044 des maladies professionnelles. La caisse contestait le respect de la dur\u00e9e d’exposition requise. La juridiction d’appel, infirmant le premier jugement, refuse finalement la prise en charge au titre de la l\u00e9gislation professionnelle.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9somption d’origine et le r\u00f4le des avis sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime de reconnaissance hors tableau constitue le cadre juridique applicable. L’article L. 461-1 du code de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale pr\u00e9voit une pr\u00e9somption d’origine professionnelle lorsque toutes les conditions du tableau sont r\u00e9unies. «Si une ou plusieurs conditions tenant au d\u00e9lai de prise en charge, \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e d’exposition ou \u00e0 la liste limitative des travaux ne sont pas remplies, la maladie telle qu’elle est d\u00e9sign\u00e9e dans un tableau de maladies professionnelles peut \u00eatre reconnue d’origine professionnelle lorsqu’il est \u00e9tabli qu’elle est directement caus\u00e9e par le travail habituel de la victime» (Motifs). Cette disposition fonde la possibilit\u00e9 d’une reconnaissance malgr\u00e9 un d\u00e9lai d’exposition non satisfait.<\/p>\n

La proc\u00e9dure impose alors le recueil d’avis m\u00e9dicaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s contraignants. Le texte pr\u00e9cise que «la caisse reconna\u00eet l’origine professionnelle de la maladie apr\u00e8s avis motiv\u00e9 du [comit\u00e9 r\u00e9gional], lequel s’impose \u00e0 elle» (Motifs). En cas de litige judiciaire, l’article R. 142-17-2 pr\u00e9voit la saisine d’un second comit\u00e9. Cette architecture conf\u00e8re un poids consid\u00e9rable aux expertises m\u00e9dicales administratives. La jurisprudence rappelle que la caisse doit solliciter cet avis motiv\u00e9 dans le cadre de son instruction. «9. De ces constatations et \u00e9nonciations, la cour d’appel, qui n’avait pas \u00e0 proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une recherche que ses constatations rendaient inop\u00e9rantes, a exactement d\u00e9duit que la caisse \u00e0 qui il appartenait de r\u00e9clamer au m\u00e9decin du travail son avis motiv\u00e9 dans le cadre de l’instruction du dossier de la victime, n’avait pas satisfait aux prescriptions des articles D. 461-29 et D. 461-30 du code de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale» (Cass. Deuxi\u00e8me chambre civile, le 24 septembre 2020, n\u00b019-17.553).<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation souveraine des conditions de l’exposition professionnelle<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re une distinction cruciale entre la date de premi\u00e8re constatation et la dur\u00e9e effective d’exposition. La caisse soutenait une exposition limit\u00e9e \u00e0 quatre ann\u00e9es seulement. La cour rectifie cette analyse en soulignant que «la date de la premi\u00e8re constatation m\u00e9dicale est importante pour appr\u00e9cier les conditions tenant au d\u00e9lai de prise en charge, elle est inop\u00e9rante pour appr\u00e9cier la dur\u00e9e d’exposition, celle-ci pouvant se prolonger post\u00e9rieurement aux premi\u00e8res manifestations de la maladie» (Motifs). L’exposition est ainsi retenue jusqu’\u00e0 la date du licenciement pour inaptitude, portant la dur\u00e9e \u00e0 plus de six ans.<\/p>\n

Cependant, cette dur\u00e9e reste insuffisante au regard du tableau qui exige dix ans. La d\u00e9monstration d’un lien direct malgr\u00e9 ce d\u00e9faut devient alors centrale. Les deux comit\u00e9s r\u00e9gionaux saisis ont \u00e9mis des avis d\u00e9favorables, \u00e9voquant une «absence de lien de causalit\u00e9» et une «exposition limit\u00e9e en dur\u00e9e et en intensit\u00e9» (Motifs). Le juge conserve son pouvoir souverain d’appr\u00e9ciation face \u00e0 ces avis. «Il appartient au juge d’appr\u00e9cier souverainement les avis rendus par les [comit\u00e9s] et les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments du d\u00e9bat, et il peut retenir que la maladie a \u00e9t\u00e9 directement caus\u00e9e par le travail habituel de la victime» (Motifs). La cour examine donc les preuves de l’intensit\u00e9 de l’exposition avanc\u00e9es par le travailleur.<\/p>\n

L’exigence probatoire du lien direct en l’absence de dur\u00e9e suffisante<\/p>\n

L’existence de l’exposition au risque n’est pas contest\u00e9e en elle-m\u00eame. La cour constate qu'»il est \u00e9tabli et non contest\u00e9 que dans le cadre de son activit\u00e9 […] M. [E] a \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’inhalation de poussi\u00e8res min\u00e9rales contenant des particules de fer ou d’oxydes de fer» (Motifs). Des t\u00e9moignages et un rapport d’inspection confirment des conditions de travail empoussi\u00e9r\u00e9es et une ventilation jug\u00e9e insuffisante. Les premiers juges avaient estim\u00e9 que l’intensit\u00e9 de l’exposition pouvait compenser sa dur\u00e9e limit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La cour d’appel op\u00e8re un revirement en exigeant des preuves plus solides. Elle rel\u00e8ve que les mesures d’atmosph\u00e8re r\u00e9alis\u00e9es en 2012 et 2017 «montraient des concentrations inf\u00e9rieures aux valeurs limites d’exposition professionnelle r\u00e8glementaires y compris pour le fer» (Motifs). Cette donn\u00e9e objective mine l’argument d’une intensit\u00e9 exceptionnelle. Par ailleurs, l’avis de l’expert judiciaire, pourtant favorable sur le plan \u00e9tiologique, ne suffit pas. «Or, sans remettre en cause le diagnostic de la sid\u00e9rose, il n’en demeure pas moins que la condition tenant \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e d’exposition de dix ans du tableau n\u00b044 des maladies professionnelles n’est pas remplie» (Motifs). Le lien direct n’est pas retenu.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision rappelle la rigueur exig\u00e9e pour la reconnaissance hors tableau. La simple existence d’une exposition, m\u00eame quotidienne, ne suffit pas \u00e0 \u00e9tablir le lien direct lorsque la dur\u00e9e r\u00e9glementaire fait d\u00e9faut. Il incombe au travailleur de rapporter la preuve d’une exposition d’une intensit\u00e9 telle qu’elle puisse l\u00e9gitimement expliquer la survenue pr\u00e9coce de la pathologie. L’absence de d\u00e9passement des valeurs limites r\u00e9glementaires constitue alors un obstacle probatoire majeur. La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est donc restrictive, r\u00e9affirmant le caract\u00e8re d\u00e9rogatoire et exigeant de la proc\u00e9dure de reconnaissance hors tableau.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Douai, statuant le 26 juin 2025, examine un litige relatif \u00e0 la reconnaissance du caract\u00e8re professionnel d’une sid\u00e9rose. 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L\u2019enjeu porte sur le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription quinquennale et\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 "D\u00e9cisions juridiques"","block_context":{"text":"D\u00e9cisions juridiques","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/decisions-juridiques\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/margaret-jaszowska-iJ4qhyNQEjE-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/margaret-jaszowska-iJ4qhyNQEjE-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/margaret-jaszowska-iJ4qhyNQEjE-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/margaret-jaszowska-iJ4qhyNQEjE-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/margaret-jaszowska-iJ4qhyNQEjE-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/margaret-jaszowska-iJ4qhyNQEjE-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/664263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=664263"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/664263\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=664263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=664263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=664263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}