{"id":664504,"date":"2026-04-23T22:47:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T20:47:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-19-juin-2025-n21-02051\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T21:20:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T19:20:47","slug":"cour-dappel-le-19-juin-2025-n21-02051","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-le-19-juin-2025-n21-02051\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 19 juin 2025, n\u00b021\/02051"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel, statuant le 19 juin 2025, examine un litige entre un fournisseur d’\u00e9nergie et son ancien client commercial. Le client contestait le paiement de factures d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et une indemnit\u00e9 de rupture. La juridiction confirme int\u00e9gralement le jugement de premi\u00e8re instance qui avait condamn\u00e9 le client. Elle rejette \u00e9galement la demande d’indemnisation pour r\u00e9sistance abusive form\u00e9e par le fournisseur.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9somption de validit\u00e9 des relev\u00e9s de consommation<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle le principe selon lequel une facture ne constitue pas une preuve \u00e0 soi seule. Elle souligne n\u00e9anmoins la valeur probante des index de compteur communiqu\u00e9s par le gestionnaire de r\u00e9seau. «Le relev\u00e9 des index figurant sur le compteur constitue une pr\u00e9somption de l’existence et du montant de la cr\u00e9ance du fournisseur d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9» (Motifs). Cette pr\u00e9somption simple renverse la charge de la preuve. Il appartient donc au d\u00e9biteur de rapporter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suffisants pour la combattre.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette solution est de s\u00e9curiser les relations contractuelles dans les contrats de fourniture. Le fournisseur n’a pas \u00e0 prouver positivement l’exactitude de chaque relev\u00e9. La valeur de cette pr\u00e9somption est renforc\u00e9e par son origine externe, le gestionnaire du r\u00e9seau \u00e9tant un tiers aux parties. Cette approche assure une certaine stabilit\u00e9 juridique pour les cr\u00e9anciers professionnels.<\/p>\n

L’inefficacit\u00e9 des moyens de d\u00e9fense du client<\/p>\n

Le client invoquait un dysfonctionnement ancien du compteur et une reconnaissance de dette sign\u00e9e sous pression. La cour \u00e9carte ces arguments car ils ne sont pas pertinents pour la p\u00e9riode litigieuse. «En ce qui concerne les factures de l’ann\u00e9e 2018, la d\u00e9fectuosit\u00e9 du compteur, all\u00e9gu\u00e9e par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Panice, ne peut \u00eatre d\u00e9duite de la seule comparaison entre la consommation moyenne relev\u00e9e entre le mois d’octobre 2019 et le mois d’octobre 2020 aupr\u00e8s d’un autre fournisseur d’\u00e9nergie» (Motifs). Elle estime que les courriers mena\u00e7ant une coupure ne caract\u00e9risent pas une contrainte insurmontable.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision rappelle ainsi la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un lien de causalit\u00e9 certain entre le moyen soulev\u00e9 et la contestation. Un dysfonctionnement ant\u00e9rieur ne pr\u00e9sume pas d’une anomalie persistante. La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans l’exigence d’une preuve concr\u00e8te et sp\u00e9cifique pour renverser la pr\u00e9somption. Sa port\u00e9e limite les strat\u00e9gies dilatoires fond\u00e9es sur des all\u00e9gations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales ou non v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La qualification juridique de l’indemnit\u00e9 de rupture<\/p>\n

Le client soutenait que la clause pr\u00e9voyant une indemnit\u00e9 \u00e9tait une clause p\u00e9nale<\/a>, soumise au pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur du juge. La cour rejette cette analyse et la qualifie de clause de d\u00e9dit. «L’indemnit\u00e9 pr\u00e9vue au contrat, en ce qu’elle n’a pas pour but de sanctionner l’inex\u00e9cution contractuelle […] mais indemnise le pr\u00e9judice subi par le fournisseur du fait de l’exercice par le client de sa facult\u00e9 de r\u00e9siliation anticip\u00e9e du contrat, constitue, non une clause p\u00e9nale, mais une clause de d\u00e9dit» (Motifs). Elle constate que l’indemnit\u00e9 correspond \u00e0 l’\u00e9valuation d’un pr\u00e9judice li\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9servation d’\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n

Cette qualification a pour sens d’exclure l’application de l’article 1231-5 du code civil. Le juge ne peut donc pas mod\u00e9rer le montant convenu. La valeur de la solution tient \u00e0 l’analyse concr\u00e8te de la finalit\u00e9 de la clause. Sa port\u00e9e est importante pour les contrats \u00e0 ex\u00e9cution successive o\u00f9 le pr\u00e9visionnel est crucial. Elle prot\u00e8ge l’\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique initial en cas de rupture unilat\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n

Le rejet de l’indemnisation pour r\u00e9sistance abusive<\/p>\n

Le fournisseur faisait appel pour obtenir des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats au titre d’une r\u00e9sistance abusive. La cour confirme le rejet de cette demande par les premiers juges. Elle estime que le pr\u00e9judice all\u00e9gu\u00e9 n’est pas distinct de celui inh\u00e9rent \u00e0 toute proc\u00e9dure. «Pour autant, elle ne justifie pas d’un pr\u00e9judice distinct de celui r\u00e9sultant de l’obligation de se d\u00e9fendre en justice et d’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 indemnis\u00e9 par une indemnit\u00e9 au titre de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile» (Motifs). L’indemnit\u00e9 pour frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles et les d\u00e9pens suffisent \u00e0 r\u00e9parer le trouble subi.<\/p>\n

Cette position restrictive concernant la r\u00e9sistance abusive a pour sens de cantonner son indemnisation \u00e0 des hypoth\u00e8ses exceptionnelles. La valeur de cette jurisprudence est de pr\u00e9server le droit fondamental d’agir en justice. Sa port\u00e9e est de rappeler que l’\u00e9chec d’une d\u00e9fense ne suffit pas \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser un abus. Elle rejoint une solution ant\u00e9rieure selon laquelle «la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Iecorp n’\u00e9tablit pas l’existence d’un pr\u00e9judice distinct de celui n\u00e9 du retard de paiement de la facture d’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9par\u00e9 par l’application des int\u00e9r\u00eats moratoires» (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 4 juillet 2024, n\u00b022\/07054).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel, statuant le 19 juin 2025, examine un litige entre un fournisseur d’\u00e9nergie et son ancien client commercial. 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