{"id":665382,"date":"2026-04-23T23:41:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:41:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-8-aout-2025-n25-00307\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T23:41:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T21:41:34","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-8-aout-2025-n25-00307","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-dijon-le-8-aout-2025-n25-00307\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 8 ao\u00fbt 2025, n\u00b025\/00307"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 8 ao\u00fbt 2025. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 gestionnaire d’un centre commercial demandait l’expulsion d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 exploitant un kiosque alimentaire, invoquant une r\u00e9siliation pour faute grave. L’exploitant s’opposait \u00e0 cette expulsion et sollicitait en retour plusieurs provisions. Le juge a rejet\u00e9 la demande d’expulsion mais a accord\u00e9 une provision sur les sommes dues par la gestionnaire. Cette d\u00e9cision d\u00e9limite avec pr\u00e9cision les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s face \u00e0 des contestations s\u00e9rieuses sur le fond du droit.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation des pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en pr\u00e9sence d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse<\/p>\n

Le rejet de la demande d’expulsion illustre les limites du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 en cas de trouble manifestement illicite. Le juge rappelle que l’article 835 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile lui permet d’ordonner des mesures pour faire cesser un tel trouble. «Le trouble manifestement illicite d\u00e9signe toute perturbation r\u00e9sultant d’un fait mat\u00e9riel ou juridique qui directement ou indirectement constitue une violation \u00e9vidente de la r\u00e8gle de droit.» (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Pour autant, son pouvoir cesse lorsque l’existence m\u00eame du trouble est s\u00e9rieusement d\u00e9battue. En l’esp\u00e8ce, la validit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9siliation et la nature commerciale du bail \u00e9taient vivement contest\u00e9es devant le juge du fond. D\u00e8s lors, caract\u00e9riser un trouble illicite aurait n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9juger du fond, ce que le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s s’est interdit. Cette solution rappelle que le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ne saurait \u00eatre une voie d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e pour trancher d\u00e9finitivement un litige complexe.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande de provision malgr\u00e9 un litige sur le fond<\/p>\n

L’octroi d’une provision sur les cr\u00e9ances p\u00e9cuniaires d\u00e9montre l’autonomie du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 provision. Le juge applique l’article 835 alin\u00e9a 2 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, qui exige que l’existence de l’obligation ne soit pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. Il rel\u00e8ve que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 gestionnaire encaissait les ventes pour le compte de l’exploitant. «Il est \u00e9galement constant que depuis le 25 avril 2025, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 [Localit\u00e9 5] Distribution n\u2019a pas op\u00e9r\u00e9 ce reversement» (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Malgr\u00e9 le conflit sur la r\u00e9siliation du contrat, cette obligation de reversement des fonds encaiss\u00e9s appara\u00eet ind\u00e9pendante et incontestable en son principe. Le juge \u00e9carte ainsi l’argument d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse globale pour isoler une cr\u00e9ance certaine. Cette analyse permet d’assurer une protection efficace du cr\u00e9ancier sans empi\u00e9ter sur la comp\u00e9tence du juge du fond.<\/p>\n

La distinction entre l’\u00e9tablissement du principe et l’\u00e9valuation du montant<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision op\u00e8re une s\u00e9paration nette entre le droit \u00e0 une provision et son quantum. Le juge constate que l’obligation de reverser le produit des ventes n’est pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable. «Il n\u2019est donc pas s\u00e9rieusement contestable qu\u2019elle ait \u00e0 restituer ces sommes ind\u00fbment conserv\u00e9es» (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). En revanche, le montant pr\u00e9cis est inconnu du cr\u00e9ancier, la gestionnaire d\u00e9tenant seule les relev\u00e9s de caisse. Le juge ordonne donc le paiement des sommes «conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019historique des sorties caisse», apr\u00e8s d\u00e9duction de la commission convenue. Cette solution place \u00e0 la charge du d\u00e9biteur la justification du chiffre exact, prot\u00e9geant le cr\u00e9ancier d’une opacit\u00e9 qu’il n’a pas cr\u00e9\u00e9e. Elle assure une effectivit\u00e9 concr\u00e8te \u00e0 la provision accord\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le refus de statuer sur la responsabilit\u00e9 contractuelle<\/p>\n

Le juge refuse toute provision sur une demande indemnitaire fond\u00e9e sur la responsabilit\u00e9. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 exploitante sollicitait une provision \u00e0 valoir sur des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour inex\u00e9cution contractuelle. Le juge estime que cette demande «se heurte \u00e0 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse d\u00e8s lors que le principe de la responsabilit\u00e9 […] est s\u00e9rieusement contestable» (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Contrairement \u00e0 l’obligation de reversement, qui d\u00e9coulait d’un m\u00e9canisme factuel \u00e9tabli, la responsabilit\u00e9 suppose une appr\u00e9ciation complexe des manquements de chaque partie. Une telle appr\u00e9ciation exc\u00e8de les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s lorsque les faits sont controvers\u00e9s. Ce refus maintient une fronti\u00e8re essentielle entre le provisoire et le d\u00e9finitif, pr\u00e9servant l’office du juge du fond.<\/p>\n

Cette ordonnance constitue une application rigoureuse des textes r\u00e9gissant le r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle rappelle que le trouble manifestement illicite ne peut \u00eatre retenu lorsque sa caract\u00e9risation d\u00e9pend de la r\u00e9solution pr\u00e9alable d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur le fond. \u00c0 l’inverse, elle montre la utilit\u00e9 du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 provision pour assurer l’ex\u00e9cution d’obligations p\u00e9cuniaires dont le principe est incontestable, m\u00eame dans un contexte litigieux global. Elle offre ainsi une vision \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e, \u00e9vitant tant les d\u00e9nis de justice que les empi\u00e8tements sur l’instance au fond.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 8 ao\u00fbt 2025. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 gestionnaire d’un centre commercial demandait l’expul…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d6f805d22713eb88ca024c","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d6f805d22713eb88ca024c","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d6f805d22713eb88ca024c","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Dijon","_kj_chambre":"R\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9","_kj_rg":"25\/00307","_kj_date":"2025-09-24","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-665382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Dijon, le 8 ao\u00fbt 2025, n\u00b025\/00307 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Dijon, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, a rendu une ordonnance le 8 ao\u00fbt 2025. 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