{"id":668390,"date":"2026-04-24T04:46:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T02:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-strasbourg-le-17-mars-2025-n23-09490\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T18:07:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T16:07:50","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-strasbourg-le-17-mars-2025-n23-09490","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-strasbourg-le-17-mars-2025-n23-09490\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg, le 17 mars 2025, n\u00b023\/09490"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Tribunal judiciaire, dans un jugement du 17 mars 2025, statue sur le recours d’une caution<\/a> institutionnelle contre l’emprunteur principal. L’emprunteuse, confront\u00e9e \u00e0 des impay\u00e9s, oppose l’irrecevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et conteste les conditions de mise en \u0153uvre de la garantie. Elle impute ses difficult\u00e9s au comportement du pr\u00eateur, qui n’est pas partie \u00e0 l’instance. Le tribunal rejette ses d\u00e9fenses et condamne l’emprunteuse au paiement des sommes r\u00e9clam\u00e9es par la caution, tout en refusant l’octroi de d\u00e9lais de paiement.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre du recours de la caution solidaire<\/p>\n

Le tribunal \u00e9carte d’abord la fin de non-recevoir tir\u00e9e d’un pr\u00e9tendu d\u00e9faut de qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 agir. Il estime que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 caution a n\u00e9cessairement qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 agir en recouvrement des sommes pay\u00e9es. Les griefs de l’emprunteuse concernent en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le bien-fond\u00e9 de l’action et non une question de recevabilit\u00e9. Cette distinction rappelle que la qualit\u00e9 \u00e0 agir s’appr\u00e9cie ind\u00e9pendamment des arguments sur le fond du droit. La caution justifie son engagement contractuel et les paiements effectu\u00e9s au profit de l’\u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. Le tribunal constate ainsi que les conditions de mise en jeu de la garantie solidaire sont remplies, rendant son recours possible.<\/p>\n

L’emprunteuse soutenait que la caution ne pouvait se pr\u00e9valoir du recours l\u00e9gal faute de justifier de l’octroi du cr\u00e9dit ou d’un recours pr\u00e9alable de la banque. Le tribunal rejette ces moyens en se fondant sur la nature solidaire du cautionnement. Il est \u00e9tabli par les documents contractuels que le cautionnement du CREDIT LOGEMENT \u00e9tait un cautionnement solidaire de sorte qu\u2019il \u00e9tait tenu de payer d\u00e8s la mise en jeu de sa garantie par la banque au constat d\u2019impay\u00e9s de l\u2019emprunteur. Cette analyse souligne l’autonomie de l’obligation solidaire de la caution. Son engagement la contraint \u00e0 payer sans pouvoir exiger que le cr\u00e9ancier poursuive d’abord le d\u00e9biteur principal, sauf stipulation contraire.<\/p>\n

L’inopposabilit\u00e9 des exceptions personnelles au cr\u00e9ancier<\/p>\n

Le tribunal examine ensuite les moyens de d\u00e9fense dirig\u00e9s contre le pr\u00eateur absent. L’emprunteuse reprochait \u00e0 la banque son attitude et l’application de frais bancaires aggravant sa situation. Le juge estime que ces griefs sont inop\u00e9rants dans le cadre du recours exerc\u00e9 par la caution. Les moyens oppos\u00e9s ci-dessus par Madame [K] sont donc inop\u00e9rants, tout comme les moyens qu\u2019elle pouvait opposer \u00e0 la banque, la caution exer\u00e7ant ici son recours personnel. Cette solution applique le principe selon lequel la caution en recours ne peut se voir opposer les exceptions personnelles que le d\u00e9biteur principal aurait pu faire valoir contre le cr\u00e9ancier originaire. Elle garantit ainsi l’efficacit\u00e9 du recours subrogatoire.<\/p>\n

L’emprunteuse invoquait \u00e9galement l’article 2308 du code civil, arguant que la caution avait pay\u00e9 sans l’avoir avertie. Le tribunal ne retient pas cet argument au fond, relevant l’existence de plusieurs mises en demeure. Il souligne surtout la carence de l’emprunteuse \u00e0 contester en temps utile. Elle a attendu d\u2019\u00eatre assign\u00e9e par la caution pour se plaindre du comportement de la banque et l\u00e0 encore, sans la mettre en cause dans la proc\u00e9dure. Cette carence lui est pr\u00e9judiciable. La jurisprudence rappelle que l’avertissement pr\u00e9alable est une condition du recours de la caution. «Lorsque la caution aura pay\u00e9 sans \u00eatre poursuivie et sans avoir averti le d\u00e9biteur principal, elle n\u2019aura point de recours contre lui» (Tribunal judiciaire, le 17 mars 2025, n\u00b024\/03124). Ici, la preuve de l’avertissement est apport\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e restrictive des d\u00e9lais de paiement<\/p>\n

Enfin, le tribunal rejette la demande de d\u00e9lais de paiement form\u00e9e subsidiairement par l’emprunteuse. Il rappelle les conditions strictes de l’article 1343-5 du code civil, liant l’octroi de d\u00e9lais \u00e0 la bonne foi et \u00e0 la justification des difficult\u00e9s. L’emprunteuse n’a fourni aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment concret sur sa situation financi\u00e8re. Elle ne justifie nullement de ses facult\u00e9s contributives, de ses ressources, de ses charges. L’absence de proposition de remboursement et de d\u00e9but d’ex\u00e9cution est \u00e9galement not\u00e9e. Le juge use ainsi avec parcimonie de ce pouvoir d’am\u00e9nagement, qui ne saurait constituer un simple report de l’obligation. La d\u00e9cision rappelle que la dur\u00e9e de la proc\u00e9dure elle-m\u00eame peut tenir lieu de d\u00e9lai conc\u00e9d\u00e9 de fait.<\/p>\n

Le tribunal ordonne l’ex\u00e9cution provisoire de droit, estimant cette mesure compatible avec la nature de l’affaire. Ce choix assure l’efficacit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate du recouvrement pour la caution, malgr\u00e9 un \u00e9ventuel appel. Il consacre la force ex\u00e9cutoire du titre judiciaire d\u00e8s sa prononciation, sauf circonstances exceptionnelles. Le rejet des d\u00e9lais de paiement et le maintien de l’ex\u00e9cution provisoire confirment une approche rigoureuse des difficult\u00e9s du d\u00e9biteur. Le juge exige des preuves tangibles et des actes concrets, et non de simples all\u00e9gations, pour am\u00e9nager les obligations de paiement. Cette s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 prot\u00e8ge les droits du cr\u00e9ancier en recours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Tribunal judiciaire, dans un jugement du 17 mars 2025, statue sur le recours d’une caution institutionnelle contre l’emprunteur principal. L’emprunteuse, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d1c018ad61014a2086f413","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d1c018ad61014a2086f413","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d1c018ad61014a2086f413","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Strasbourg","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Ch. 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La g\u00e9rante de l\u2019entreprise b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire s\u2019\u00e9tait ensuite\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0412 "Cour d'appel"","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aakash-dhage-mpt624SvwS4-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aakash-dhage-mpt624SvwS4-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aakash-dhage-mpt624SvwS4-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aakash-dhage-mpt624SvwS4-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aakash-dhage-mpt624SvwS4-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/aakash-dhage-mpt624SvwS4-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=668390"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":695461,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668390\/revisions\/695461"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9705"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=668390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=668390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=668390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}