{"id":669747,"date":"2026-04-24T06:45:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-23-mai-2025-n21-01935\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T06:45:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:45:01","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-23-mai-2025-n21-01935","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-23-mai-2025-n21-01935\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 23 mai 2025, n\u00b021\/01935"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Paris, dans un arr\u00eat du 23 mai 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un litige contractuel suite \u00e0 l’interruption d’un chantier. Un artisan, victime d’un grave accident, invoquait la force majeure pour s’exon\u00e9rer de l’ach\u00e8vement des travaux. La juridiction devait d\u00e9terminer si cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement constituait une cause d’exon\u00e9ration lib\u00e9ratoire. La cour a partiellement accueilli la demande de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ayant command\u00e9 les travaux, en ordonnant la restitution partielle d’un acompte.<\/p>\n

La qualification restrictive de la force majeure
\nL’exigence d’un \u00e9v\u00e9nement impr\u00e9visible et irr\u00e9sistible
\nLa cour rappelle les conditions l\u00e9gales de la force majeure en mati\u00e8re contractuelle. Elle se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 l’article 1218 du code civil qui exige un \u00e9v\u00e9nement \u00e9chappant au contr\u00f4le du d\u00e9biteur. Cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement ne devait pas \u00eatre raisonnablement pr\u00e9vu lors de la conclusion du contrat. Ses effets ne pouvaient \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9s par des mesures appropri\u00e9es pour emp\u00eacher l’ex\u00e9cution. Cette d\u00e9finition stricte cadre l’analyse du cas de l’accident subi par l’artisan.<\/p>\n

La distinction entre emp\u00eachement temporaire et d\u00e9finitif
\nLa solution retenue op\u00e8re une distinction cruciale quant \u00e0 la nature de l’emp\u00eachement. L’article 1351 du code civil est cit\u00e9 pour lib\u00e9rer le d\u00e9biteur en cas d’impossibilit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive. La cour souligne que l’emp\u00eachement temporaire suspend seulement l’ex\u00e9cution de l’obligation. Un retard r\u00e9sultant de cette suspension peut n\u00e9anmoins justifier la r\u00e9solution du contrat. L’accident, bien que grave, n’a pas cr\u00e9\u00e9 une impossibilit\u00e9 absolue et permanente.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences pratiques sur l’ex\u00e9cution contractuelle
\nLa r\u00e9vision des obligations p\u00e9cuniaires
\nL’arr\u00eat d\u00e9montre que la force majeure n’efface pas toutes les obligations ant\u00e9rieures. L’artisan ne peut justifier de conserver le montant int\u00e9gral de l’acompte per\u00e7u. La cour estime qu’il doit restituer la somme exc\u00e9dant la valeur des travaux effectivement r\u00e9alis\u00e9s. Cette solution assure un \u00e9quilibre contractuel malgr\u00e9 la survenance de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement impr\u00e9visible. Elle \u00e9vite un enrichissement sans cause au d\u00e9triment de la partie ayant vers\u00e9 les fonds.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9partition des frais li\u00e9s \u00e0 la continuation des travaux
\nLa juridiction \u00e9carte la prise en charge par l’artisan des frais engag\u00e9s pour poursuivre le chantier. Elle consid\u00e8re qu’au vu de la cause de la rupture des relations contractuelles, ces frais ne sont pas \u00e0 sa charge. Cette analyse isole les cons\u00e9quences directes de l’inex\u00e9cution de ses cons\u00e9quences indirectes. La force majeure exon\u00e8re de l’ach\u00e8vement mais pas des co\u00fbts de remplacement engag\u00e9s par le cr\u00e9ancier. La logique est de ne pas aggraver la situation du d\u00e9biteur d\u00e9j\u00e0 emp\u00each\u00e9 par un cas ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat illustre l’interpr\u00e9tation rigoureuse des conditions de la force majeure par les juges du fond. Il rappelle que m\u00eame un \u00e9v\u00e9nement grave comme un accident du travail peut ne pas remplir tous les crit\u00e8res. La solution op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre l’impossibilit\u00e9 d’ex\u00e9cuter et les obligations p\u00e9cuniaires n\u00e9es du contrat. Elle rejoint une jurisprudence constante exigeant la preuve d’une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re rev\u00eatant les qualit\u00e9s de la force majeure. «Le sous-traitant ne peut s’exon\u00e9rer de sa responsabilit\u00e9 que par la preuve d’une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re rev\u00eatant les qualit\u00e9s de la force majeure, donc une cause irr\u00e9sistible, impr\u00e9visible et ext\u00e9rieure» (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 8 janvier 2024, n\u00b021\/05897). La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision est de maintenir une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique dans les relations contractuelles. Elle emp\u00eache qu’un emp\u00eachement temporaire ne serve de pr\u00e9texte \u00e0 une exon\u00e9ration totale et d\u00e9finitive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, dans un arr\u00eat du 23 mai 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un litige contractuel suite \u00e0 l’interruption d’un chantier. Un artisan, victime d’un g…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ce3b09208310c243b73b95","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ce3b09208310c243b73b95","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ce3b09208310c243b73b95","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel d'Aix-en-Provence","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 1-3","_kj_rg":"21\/01935","_kj_date":"2025-09-19","_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-669747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 23 mai 2025, n\u00b021\/01935 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel de Paris, dans un arr\u00eat du 23 mai 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d'un litige contractuel suite \u00e0 l'interruption d'un chantier. 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