{"id":669794,"date":"2026-04-24T06:51:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-8-avril-2025-n24-05144\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T06:51:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T04:51:45","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-8-avril-2025-n24-05144","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/ru\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-8-avril-2025-n24-05144\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 8 avril 2025, n\u00b024\/05144"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en date du 8 avril 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un recours contre une d\u00e9cision du directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l’INPI pronon\u00e7ant la nullit\u00e9 d’une marque semi-figurative. L’instance opposait le titulaire de la marque contest\u00e9e, d\u00e9pos\u00e9e pour des ingr\u00e9dients de boulangerie, au titulaire d’une marque ant\u00e9rieure verbale prot\u00e9geant des produits de boulangerie-p\u00e2tisserie finis. La juridiction devait se prononcer sur l’existence d’un risque de confusion entre les signes. Elle a rejet\u00e9 le recours et confirm\u00e9 la nullit\u00e9 de la marque post\u00e9rieure, estimant le risque de confusion caract\u00e9ris\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation \u00e9volutive de la similarit\u00e9 des produits<\/p>\n

La cour a d’abord retenu la similarit\u00e9 des produits d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par les marques en conflit. Elle a constat\u00e9 que les ingr\u00e9dients de panification \u00e9taient principalement destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la fabrication des produits finis de boulangerie. La compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 fonctionnelle entre ces biens a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e suffisante pour \u00e9tablir leur similarit\u00e9 au sens du droit des marques. Cette analyse a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9e par l’\u00e9volution r\u00e9cente des pratiques de consommation.<\/p>\n

L’arr\u00eat prend acte d’un engouement du consommateur pour la fabrication maison du pain. Il justifie cette tendance par des consid\u00e9rations ludiques et \u00e9conomiques, accentu\u00e9e depuis la crise sanitaire. Cette \u00e9volution des usages a conduit la cour \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer que les produits vis\u00e9s pouvaient s’adresser au m\u00eame public final. Elle rel\u00e8ve \u00e9galement que des op\u00e9rateurs du secteur commercialisent sous une m\u00eame marque des produits finis et les ingr\u00e9dients n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur confection. La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est significative, car elle ancre l’appr\u00e9ciation juridique dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et sociale contemporaine. Elle d\u00e9montre que la similarit\u00e9 des produits ne s’appr\u00e9cie pas de mani\u00e8re abstraite mais en fonction des march\u00e9s et des comportements actuels des consommateurs.<\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9dominance de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment verbal commun dans la comparaison des signes<\/p>\n

Ensuite, la cour a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la comparaison des signes, la marque post\u00e9rieure \u00e9tant semi-figurative et la marque ant\u00e9rieure verbale. Elle a identifi\u00e9 dans les deux signes la pr\u00e9sence de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment verbal «IBIS». Malgr\u00e9 des graphies diff\u00e9rentes et la pr\u00e9sence d’un \u00e9l\u00e9ment figuratif repr\u00e9sentant un oiseau, la juridiction a attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment verbal un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant. Elle a estim\u00e9 qu’il conf\u00e9rait aux signes une forte similitude visuelle, phon\u00e9tique et conceptuelle.<\/p>\n

La cour a jug\u00e9 que l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment figuratif de la marque post\u00e9rieure ne faisait que renforcer le sens de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment verbal «IBIS», d\u00e9signant un oiseau \u00e9chassier. Elle en a d\u00e9duit que cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment graphique ne serait pas particuli\u00e8rement m\u00e9moris\u00e9 par le consommateur. «Le public sera amen\u00e9 \u00e0 attribuer dans les signes une m\u00eame signification \u00e0 cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment verbal commun dont l’association \u00e0 un animal est spontan\u00e9e» (Motifs). La valeur de ce raisonnement r\u00e9side dans l’application du principe de l’impression d’ensemble dominante. Il rappelle que l’attention du public se focalise sur les \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus distinctifs et m\u00e9morisables d’un signe composite. La port\u00e9e en est conforme \u00e0 la jurisprudence constante, qui \u00e9carte les diff\u00e9rences secondaires au profit de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment central cr\u00e9ant la similarit\u00e9. Cette approche rejoint celle de la Cour d’appel de Versailles, laquelle a d\u00e9j\u00e0 soulign\u00e9 que le public «n’en gardera qu’un souvenir r\u00e9duit aux caract\u00e9ristiques essentielles» (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 5 mars 2025, n\u00b023\/03215). L’arr\u00eat consacre ainsi la pr\u00e9\u00e9minence de l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment verbal commun, au caract\u00e8re distinctif fort, pour fonder le risque de confusion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de Paris, statuant en date du 8 avril 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisie d’un recours contre une d\u00e9cision du directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l’INPI pronon\u00e7ant la nullit…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ce39c53c51767c18cd58a5","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ce39c53c51767c18cd58a5","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ce39c53c51767c18cd58a5","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 5 - Chambre 2","_kj_rg":"24\/05144","_kj_date":"2025-09-19","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-669794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 8 avril 2025, n\u00b024\/05144 - 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