{"id":641807,"date":"2026-04-21T23:34:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T21:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-12-mars-2024-n24-01028\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T23:34:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T21:34:17","slug":"cour-dappel-de-douai-le-12-mars-2024-n24-01028","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-douai-le-12-mars-2024-n24-01028\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Douai, le 12 mars 2024, n\u00b024\/01028"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel de Douai, le 12 mars 2024, statue sur un litige relatif \u00e0 un ch\u00e8que. Le tireur a form\u00e9 une opposition pour perte apr\u00e8s avoir remis le ch\u00e8que au b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s a rejet\u00e9 la demande de mainlev\u00e9e de cette opposition. La cour d’appel, saisie, examine la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de l’opposition et la comp\u00e9tence du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Elle infirme l’ordonnance pour ordonner la mainlev\u00e9e et condamne le tireur aux d\u00e9pens.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9gime l\u00e9gal de l’opposition au paiement par ch\u00e8que<\/p>\n

Le cadre restrictif des causes d’opposition autoris\u00e9es. L’article L. 131-35 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier \u00e9num\u00e8re limitativement les cas d’opposition. Seuls la perte, le vol, l’utilisation frauduleuse ou une proc\u00e9dure collective du porteur sont admis. Toute autre cause est interdite par la loi, prot\u00e9geant ainsi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la circulation des ch\u00e8ques. Cette \u00e9num\u00e9ration stricte garantit l’opposabilit\u00e9 de la provision au b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire l\u00e9gitime.<\/p>\n

La sanction de l’opposition irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re par le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Le texte pr\u00e9voit que le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s “doit, sur la demande du porteur, ordonner la mainlev\u00e9e de l’opposition”. Cette comp\u00e9tence est imp\u00e9rative et non subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 une condition d’urgence. Elle s’analyse comme une mesure destin\u00e9e \u00e0 faire cesser un trouble manifestement illicite. Le juge statue ainsi m\u00eame en pr\u00e9sence d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur le fond du litige.<\/p>\n

Les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de mainlev\u00e9e<\/p>\n

L’absence d’exigence d’urgence pour statuer sur la mainlev\u00e9e. La cour \u00e9carte l’argument fond\u00e9 sur l’absence d’urgence caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e. Elle rappelle que “l’intervention du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s n’est pas subordonn\u00e9e \u00e0 l’existence d’un cas d’urgence”. Cette solution d\u00e9rive directement de la lettre de l’article L. 131-35 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier. Elle conf\u00e8re au b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire un recours rapide et efficace contre une opposition abusive.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du motif d’opposition invoqu\u00e9 par le tireur. Le juge v\u00e9rifie si le cas all\u00e9gu\u00e9 entre dans la liste l\u00e9gale. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’opposition \u00e9tait fond\u00e9e sur la perte, mais le tireur “ne contestant pas avoir volontairement remis le ch\u00e8que”. D\u00e8s lors, “le motif invoqu\u00e9 pour y faire opposition s’av\u00e8re mensonger et celle-ci n\u00e9cessairement irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re”. Cette appr\u00e9ciation souveraine des faits conduit logiquement \u00e0 ordonner la mainlev\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est significative en droit cambiaire. Elle r\u00e9affirme avec force le caract\u00e8re d’ordre public du r\u00e9gime des oppositions. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des r\u00e8glements par ch\u00e8que exige une interpr\u00e9tation stricte des causes autoris\u00e9es. La cour consacre \u00e9galement la nature particuli\u00e8re du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 pr\u00e9vu par l’article L. 131-35. Ce dernier est un r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 de remise en \u00e9tat, distinct du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 d’urgence classique, visant \u00e0 r\u00e9parer un trouble illicite.<\/p>\n

La valeur de l’arr\u00eat r\u00e9side dans sa clarification des pouvoirs du juge. En \u00e9cartant toute condition d’urgence, il facilite l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une justice rapide pour le porteur l\u00e9s\u00e9. La solution s’inscrit dans une jurisprudence constante de la chambre commerciale. Elle renforce la protection du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de bonne foi et la fiabilit\u00e9 de l’instrument de paiement. L’arr\u00eat rappelle enfin que l’abus de l’opposition engage la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9cuniaire du tireur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Douai, le 12 mars 2024, statue sur un litige relatif \u00e0 un ch\u00e8que. 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