{"id":649028,"date":"2026-04-22T15:07:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T13:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-3-octobre-2025-n24-15401\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T15:07:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T13:07:15","slug":"cour-dappel-le-3-octobre-2025-n24-15401","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-le-3-octobre-2025-n24-15401\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 3 octobre 2025, n\u00b024\/15401"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Cour d’appel, arr\u00eat du [Date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d’une promesse unilat\u00e9rale de vente avait form\u00e9 une demande en d\u00e9claration de vente parfaite. Les premiers juges l’avaient d\u00e9bout\u00e9e. La cour d’appel, saisie, devait d\u00e9terminer si la lev\u00e9e d’option intervenue avant le terme avait r\u00e9alis\u00e9 la vente. Elle confirme le jugement et condamne le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire \u00e0 des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour publication irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

La condition suspensive de la lev\u00e9e d’option<\/p>\n

La nature accessoire de la lev\u00e9e d’option<\/p>\n

La promesse subordonnait la lev\u00e9e d’option \u00e0 l’impossibilit\u00e9 de signer l’acte authentique. La cour constate que cette impossibilit\u00e9 n’\u00e9tait pas \u00e9tablie. Les \u00e9changes prouvent que le promettant a propos\u00e9 des rendez-vous de signature. Le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire n’a pas r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 ces propositions concr\u00e8tes et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es. La condition pr\u00e9alable \u00e0 une lev\u00e9e d’option efficace n’\u00e9tait donc pas remplie. La volont\u00e9 unilat\u00e9rale du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire restait d\u00e8s lors inop\u00e9rante.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est essentielle pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des transactions. Elle rappelle le caract\u00e8re d\u00e9rogatoire de la lev\u00e9e d’option par rapport \u00e0 la signature de l’acte. La cour pr\u00e9cise que “la SCI [Adresse 3] ne d\u00e9montrant pas l’impossibilit\u00e9 de signer l’acte authentique dans le d\u00e9lai contractuel du fait du promettant, sa volont\u00e9 exprim\u00e9e de lever l’option, accompagn\u00e9e du paiement du prix, est inop\u00e9rante”. Cette solution prot\u00e8ge le promettant contre les interpr\u00e9tations abusives des clauses alternatives.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences de l’inex\u00e9cution contractuelle<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de plein droit du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire<\/p>\n

Le contrat pr\u00e9voyait une d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de plein droit en cas de d\u00e9faut de r\u00e9alisation. La cour en fait application sans n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mise en demeure. Elle se fonde sur le point 15-Carence de la promesse. Ce point stipulait la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance si la vente n’\u00e9tait pas r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par acte authentique. La manifestation ult\u00e9rieure de volont\u00e9 d’acqu\u00e9rir devient d\u00e8s lors sans effet juridique. La sanction est automatique et lib\u00e8re le promettant.<\/p>\n

Cette solution consacre la force obligatoire des clauses de d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance express\u00e9ment stipul\u00e9es. Elle rejoint la logique d’une jurisprudence ant\u00e9rieure sur la r\u00e9siliation. Un tribunal a jug\u00e9 que “l’inobservation de l’une des dispositions du pr\u00e9sent contrat, pourra entrainer la r\u00e9siliation de l’engagement d’occupation un mois apr\u00e8s une mise en demeure” (Tribunal judiciaire, le 7 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/00379). L’arr\u00eat comment\u00e9 va plus loin en dispensant de mise en demeure. Il renforce ainsi la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique du promettant face \u00e0 un b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d\u00e9faillant.<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire et la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice<\/p>\n

Le caract\u00e8re d\u00e9lictuel de la publication unilat\u00e9rale<\/p>\n

Le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire avait fait publier la promesse au service de la publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. La cour qualifie ce comportement d’unilat\u00e9ral et arbitraire. Elle le consid\u00e8re comme une faute d\u00e9lictuelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice d’un pr\u00e9judice. Cette publication a constitu\u00e9 une entrave \u00e0 la libre disposition du bien. Elle a grev\u00e9 le bien pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de la proc\u00e9dure judiciaire. Le promettant a donc subi un pr\u00e9judice certain n\u00e9cessitant r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte l’application de l’article 28 du d\u00e9cret du 4 janvier 1955. La publication n’\u00e9tait pas obligatoire car l’acte \u00e9tait conditionnel. La lev\u00e9e d’option irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re ne pouvait fonder un droit r\u00e9el publiable. La cour r\u00e9affirme le lien n\u00e9cessaire entre un droit certain et la publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re. Elle sanctionne ainsi l’utilisation d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e d’un instrument de publicit\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins de pression. Cette analyse prot\u00e8ge le droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 contre les inscriptions abusives.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9valuation du pr\u00e9judice subi par le promettant<\/p>\n

La cour alloue une somme de 50 000 euros au titre du pr\u00e9judice moral et mat\u00e9riel. Elle tient compte de la dur\u00e9e de la proc\u00e9dure, soit cinq ann\u00e9es d’entrave. Cette indemnisation est distincte des frais irr\u00e9p\u00e9tibles fix\u00e9s \u00e0 10 000 euros. La cour rejette la demande de dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire pour refus de r\u00e9it\u00e9ration. Ce refus n’est pas fautif car la promesse \u00e9tait \u00e9teinte. La r\u00e9paration op\u00e8re ainsi un r\u00e9\u00e9quilibre entre les parties.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est significative en mati\u00e8re de pratiques contractuelles. Il rappelle la rigueur requise dans l’ex\u00e9cution des promesses unilat\u00e9rales. La cour pr\u00e9cise les modalit\u00e9s strictes de la lev\u00e9e d’option alternative. Elle sanctionne \u00e9galement les man\u0153uvres dilatoires et les inscriptions abusives. Cet arr\u00eat renforce la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des vendeurs-promettants dans les transactions immobili\u00e8res. Il constitue un garde-fou contre les interpr\u00e9tations extensives des clauses contractuelles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel, arr\u00eat du [Date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d’une promesse unilat\u00e9rale de vente avait form\u00e9 une demande en d\u00e9claration de vente parfait…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e1fb82364b3ebed3bf0618","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e1fb82364b3ebed3bf0618","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e1fb82364b3ebed3bf0618","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 4 - Chambre 1","_kj_rg":"24\/15401","_kj_date":"2025-10-03","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 3 octobre 2025, n\u00b024\/15401 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cour d'appel, arr\u00eat du [Date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d'une promesse unilat\u00e9rale de vente avait form\u00e9 une demande en d\u00e9claration de vente parfait...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-le-3-octobre-2025-n24-15401\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cour d'appel, le 3 octobre 2025, n\u00b024\/15401\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cour d'appel, arr\u00eat du [Date \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer]. 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