{"id":649031,"date":"2026-04-22T15:07:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T13:07:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-17-avril-2025-n25-00025\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T15:07:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T13:07:29","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-17-avril-2025-n25-00025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-17-avril-2025-n25-00025\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 17 avril 2025, n\u00b025\/00025"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 17 avril 2025, se prononce sur une demande d’expertise pr\u00e9judicielle fond\u00e9e sur l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. L’acqu\u00e9reur d’un site industriel, ayant d\u00e9couvert une pollution \u00e0 l’amiante plus importante que pr\u00e9vu, sollicite une mesure d’instruction contre le vendeur et d’autres intervenants. La juridiction accueille partiellement la demande en ordonnant une expertise uniquement \u00e0 l’encontre du vendeur et du dernier exploitant du site, estimant que l’action au fond n’est pas manifestement vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec \u00e0 leur encontre.<\/p>\n

Les conditions de l’expertise pr\u00e9judicielle en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9<\/p>\n

Le cadre l\u00e9gal et les exigences proc\u00e9durales. L’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile permet des mesures d’instruction avant tout proc\u00e8s si un motif l\u00e9gitime existe. Le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s doit constater l’existence d’un proc\u00e8s “en germe”, possible et non manifestement vou\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec” dont la solution peut d\u00e9pendre de la mesure sollicit\u00e9e. Cette mesure doit \u00eatre “utile et pertinente” et ne pas pr\u00e9juger de la responsabilit\u00e9 des parties ni des chances de succ\u00e8s du futur litige. Elle doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre circonscrite dans le temps et son objet et proportionn\u00e9e \u00e0 l’objectif poursuivi.<\/p>\n

L’appr\u00e9ciation in concreto du motif l\u00e9gitime. La cour applique ces principes aux diff\u00e9rentes parties mises en cause. Concernant le vendeur, elle rel\u00e8ve que la clause contractuelle de renonciation aux vices cach\u00e9s comporte une exception pour les vices connus du vendeur. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments post\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 la vente, comme de nouveaux diagnostics et un email interne, “tendent \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer la pr\u00e9sence d’amiante dans des zones non mentionn\u00e9es” dans les rapports initiaux. La cour en conclut que l’acqu\u00e9reur “justifie d’une action possible et non manifestement vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec pour vices cach\u00e9s ou dol”. A l’\u00e9gard du dernier exploitant, rien n’exclut \u00e0 ce stade une responsabilit\u00e9 potentielle. En revanche, les missions des diagnostiqueurs \u00e9taient limit\u00e9es aux immeubles b\u00e2tis, excluant les sols et sous-sols. L’acqu\u00e9reur ne justifie donc pas d’un motif l\u00e9gitime \u00e0 leur encontre.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e du contr\u00f4le du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. La cour souligne les limites de son office, refusant de trancher des questions substantielles r\u00e9serv\u00e9es au fond. “Il n’entre pas dans les pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s d’appr\u00e9cier la connaissance par [l’acqu\u00e9reur] de la pollution \u00e0 l’amiante du site lors de la vente”. Son r\u00f4le se borne \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier l’existence d’une action non manifestement infond\u00e9e, sans pr\u00e9juger du succ\u00e8s final. Cette position garantit l’effectivit\u00e9 de l’article 145 sans empi\u00e9ter sur le proc\u00e8s au fond.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation du champ de l’expertise ordonn\u00e9e<\/p>\n

Une mission technique extensive mais cibl\u00e9e. L’expertise ordonn\u00e9e est d’une grande ampleur technique, couvrant l’historique du site, l’identification pr\u00e9cise de l’amiante, l’analyse des travaux pass\u00e9s et le chiffrage des pr\u00e9judices. Elle vise \u00e0 “d\u00e9terminer l’ampleur de la pr\u00e9sence d’amiante sur le site et sa localisation et comparer ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments avec ceux figurant dans les rapports annex\u00e9s \u00e0 l’acte de vente”. Cette mission r\u00e9pond directement \u00e0 l’objectif de conservation des preuves, notamment pour \u00e9tablir une \u00e9ventuelle dissimulation.<\/p>\n

L’exclusion justifi\u00e9e des co-d\u00e9fendeurs techniques. La cour motive pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le refus de rendre l’expertise commune aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de diagnostic. Leur mission \u00e9tait r\u00e9glementairement limit\u00e9e aux “immeubles b\u00e2tis” dans le cadre du “Dossier technique Amiante”. Le rapport de l’une d’elles s’inscrivait “dans le cadre r\u00e9glementaire du \u00ab Dossier technique Amiante \u00bb (DTA), applicable aux immeubles b\u00e2tis”. Puisque la plainte porte sur la d\u00e9couverte d’amiante dans les sous-sols, hors du champ de leur intervention contractuelle et r\u00e9glementaire, aucun motif l\u00e9gitime n’est \u00e9tabli contre elles.<\/p>\n

La gestion proc\u00e9durale et les incidences financi\u00e8res. La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise les modalit\u00e9s de l’expertise et statue sur les frais. Elle rappelle que la partie contre laquelle une mesure est ordonn\u00e9e n’est pas une “partie perdante” au sens des d\u00e9pens. Elle condamne n\u00e9anmoins le demandeur \u00e0 verser une indemnit\u00e9 aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de diagnostic pour les frais expos\u00e9s dans leur d\u00e9fense, estimant qu’elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contraintes de se d\u00e9fendre inutilement. Cette r\u00e9partition sanctionne une demande jug\u00e9e d\u00e9raisonnable \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard tout en pr\u00e9servant l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la preuve contre les principaux d\u00e9fendeurs.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision illustre la fonction \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e de l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Elle facilite l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la preuve pour l’acqu\u00e9reur en pr\u00e9sence d’indices s\u00e9rieux, sans pour autant autoriser des investigations dilatoires ou disproportionn\u00e9es. La cour op\u00e8re un tri rigoureux entre les d\u00e9fendeurs, prot\u00e9geant les tiers dont les missions \u00e9taient clairement d\u00e9limit\u00e9es. La r\u00e9f\u00e9rence implicite \u00e0 la jurisprudence sur la clause de non-garantie pour vice cach\u00e9 connu confirme que la solution au fond d\u00e9pendra de la preuve d’une \u00e9ventuelle dissimulation. L’expertise ordonn\u00e9e constitue ainsi l’instrument proc\u00e9dural essentiel pour \u00e9clairer cette question factuelle centrale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel de Paris, statuant le 17 avril 2025, se prononce sur une demande d’expertise pr\u00e9judicielle fond\u00e9e sur l’article 145 du code de proc\u00e9dure civi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4855,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68e1fb82364b3ebed3bf0612","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e1fb82364b3ebed3bf0612","_kj_judilibre_id":"68e1fb82364b3ebed3bf0612","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 1 - Chambre 8","_kj_rg":"25\/00025","_kj_date":"2025-10-03","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 17 avril 2025, n\u00b025\/00025 - 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