{"id":649319,"date":"2026-04-22T15:48:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T13:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-nimes-le-3-juillet-2025-n25-01577\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T15:48:08","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T13:48:08","slug":"cour-dappel-de-nimes-le-3-juillet-2025-n25-01577","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-nimes-le-3-juillet-2025-n25-01577\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de N\u00eemes, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/01577"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel de N\u00eemes, statuant le 3 juillet 2025, examine un litige n\u00e9 en proc\u00e9dure collective. Le juge commissaire avait relev\u00e9 une contestation s\u00e9rieuse sur une cr\u00e9ance et renvoy\u00e9 son examen au tribunal judiciaire. Saisi d’une fin de non-recevoir tir\u00e9e de la prescription, le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat s’est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 incomp\u00e9tent. La cour d’appel doit d\u00e9terminer le juge comp\u00e9tent pour statuer sur cette exception de prescription dans ce contexte proc\u00e9dural sp\u00e9cifique. Elle infirme l’ordonnance attaqu\u00e9e et renvoie l’affaire devant le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat.<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat pour les fins de non-recevoir<\/p>\n

Le renvoi par le juge commissaire limite l’objet du litige soumis au tribunal. Le juge commissaire a estim\u00e9 qu’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse existait sur la cause des versements litigieux. Il a en cons\u00e9quence sursis \u00e0 statuer sur l’admission de la cr\u00e9ance jusqu’au r\u00e8glement de cette contestation. Le renvoi op\u00e9r\u00e9 ne portait que sur cette difficult\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise identifi\u00e9e comme s\u00e9rieuse. Le juge commissaire conservait ainsi son pouvoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d’admission ou de rejet des cr\u00e9ances. Cette analyse respecte la lettre de l’ordonnance du juge commissaire et la logique du partage des comp\u00e9tences. Elle pr\u00e9serve l’autorit\u00e9 du juge commissaire dans le cadre de la proc\u00e9dure collective.<\/p>\n

Le juge judiciaire saisi doit cependant exercer pleinement sa juridiction contentieuse. La cour rappelle que le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat est seul comp\u00e9tent pour trancher les questions de fins de non-recevoir. “Etant rappel\u00e9 que le juge de la mise en \u00e9tat est seul comp\u00e9tent pour trancher la question des fins de non-recevoir par application de l’article 789” (Motifs). L’exception de prescription, pouvant \u00eatre propos\u00e9e en tout \u00e9tat de cause, rel\u00e8ve donc de son office. Le tribunal saisi d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse doit pouvoir examiner tous les moyens pertinents pour la trancher. Cette solution \u00e9vite un morcellement proc\u00e9dural et une n\u00e9gation des droits de la d\u00e9fense. Elle assure une administration efficace de la justice devant la juridiction de renvoi.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e du renvoi en cas de contestation s\u00e9rieuse en proc\u00e9dure collective<\/p>\n

Le partage des r\u00f4les entre juge commissaire et juge du contentieux est strictement encadr\u00e9. Selon l’article L.624-2 du code de commerce, le juge-commissaire statue en l’absence de contestation s\u00e9rieuse. Lorsqu’une telle contestation existe, il doit surseoir \u00e0 statuer jusqu’\u00e0 ce qu’elle soit tranch\u00e9e par le juge comp\u00e9tent. “Lorsque le juge-commissaire d\u00e9cide, comme en l’esp\u00e8ce, qu’il y a contestation s\u00e9rieuse, il doit surseoir \u00e0 statuer jusqu’\u00e0 ce que la contestation soit tranch\u00e9e” (Motifs). Cette disposition organise une collaboration proc\u00e9durale entre les deux juges. Elle garantit que les difficult\u00e9s complexes soient r\u00e9solues par le juge ad\u00e9quat.<\/p>\n

La cour pr\u00e9cise les cons\u00e9quences de ce renvoi sur l’\u00e9tendue du pouvoir du juge saisi. Le juge du contentieux doit trancher int\u00e9gralement la contestation s\u00e9rieuse qui lui est soumise. “Puis les parties reviennent devant le juge commissaire qui admettra ou rejettera la cr\u00e9ance, le juge apte \u00e0 trrancher la contestation s\u00e9rieuse ne devant pas statuer sur l’admission de la cr\u00e9ance” (Motifs). Le juge commissaire ne reprend son office qu’apr\u00e8s cette d\u00e9cision sur le point litigieux. Cette interpr\u00e9tation assure une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique et une clart\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9roulement de la proc\u00e9dure. Elle \u00e9vite tout chevauchement ou contradiction entre les d\u00e9cisions des deux autorit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision clarifie le dialogue des juges en mati\u00e8re de cr\u00e9ances contest\u00e9es. Elle affirme la comp\u00e9tence pleine du juge de la mise en \u00e9tat pour examiner les exceptions. La solution pr\u00e9serve l’efficacit\u00e9 du traitement collectif des cr\u00e9ances tout en garantissant les droits de la d\u00e9fense. Elle rappelle l’importance d’une interpr\u00e9tation stricte des ordonnances de renvoi du juge commissaire. Cette jurisprudence offre ainsi un cadre proc\u00e9dural pr\u00e9visible pour les praticiens du droit des entreprises en difficult\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel de N\u00eemes, statuant le 3 juillet 2025, examine un litige n\u00e9 en proc\u00e9dure collective. Le juge commissaire avait relev\u00e9 une contestation s\u00e9rieus…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9670,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-649319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de N\u00eemes, le 3 juillet 2025, n\u00b025\/01577 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cour d'appel de N\u00eemes, statuant le 3 juillet 2025, examine un litige n\u00e9 en proc\u00e9dure collective. 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