{"id":655619,"date":"2026-04-23T05:51:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T03:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-29-octobre-2024-n25-00479\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T05:51:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T03:51:24","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-29-octobre-2024-n25-00479","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-pontoise-le-29-octobre-2024-n25-00479\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, le 29 octobre 2024, n\u00b025\/00479"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 29 octobre 2024, se prononce sur une demande de constatation d’acquisition d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire. Le bailleur sollicite la r\u00e9siliation du bail commercial pour d\u00e9faut de paiement des loyers. La preneuse invoque l’exception d’inex\u00e9cution en raison de manquements du bailleur \u00e0 ses obligations. Le juge rejette l’exception d’incomp\u00e9tence et constate la r\u00e9siliation du bail. Il accorde une provision sur la dette locative et ordonne l’expulsion, tout en rejetant les demandes reconventionnelles.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9limitation des pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s<\/p>\n

Le rejet de l’exception d’incomp\u00e9tence souligne la nature sp\u00e9cifique de la juridiction des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. Le juge \u00e9carte l’argument fond\u00e9 sur la comp\u00e9tence du juge du fond. Il rappelle que le d\u00e9bat sur l’existence d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse rel\u00e8ve du fond de sa saisine. Cette appr\u00e9ciation concerne l’exercice de ses pouvoirs et non sa comp\u00e9tence d’attribution. La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise ainsi la fronti\u00e8re entre exception de proc\u00e9dure et appr\u00e9ciation au fond. Elle affirme l’autonomie du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s dans l’examen des conditions de l’article 834 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Cette analyse consolide la nature probatoire et urgente de la proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette distinction est essentielle pour la pratique proc\u00e9durale. Elle confirme que la contestation sur le fond ne prive pas le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s de sa comp\u00e9tence. “L’existence d’une contestation s\u00e9rieuse ne constitue pas une exception d’incomp\u00e9tence, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une appr\u00e9ciation sur le fond des pouvoirs du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s” (Motifs). Cette position \u00e9vite les man\u0153uvres dilatoires et garantit l’efficacit\u00e9 du r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9. Elle renforce l’id\u00e9e que le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s statue sur l’\u00e9vidence des droits. Sa comp\u00e9tence est ainsi pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e malgr\u00e9 l’existence de d\u00e9saccords substantiels entre les parties.<\/p>\n

Les conditions de la mise en \u0153uvre de la clause r\u00e9solutoire<\/p>\n

Le juge d\u00e9finit strictement les conditions permettant de constater l’acquisition de la clause. Il exige un d\u00e9faut de paiement manifestement fautif et une invocation de bonne foi par le bailleur. La clause elle-m\u00eame doit \u00eatre d\u00e9nu\u00e9e d’ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et ne n\u00e9cessiter aucune interpr\u00e9tation. “La clause r\u00e9solutoire d’un bail doit s’interpr\u00e9ter strictement” (Motifs). Le commandement doit respecter les formalit\u00e9s de l’article L. 145-41 du code de commerce. La d\u00e9cision applique cette exigence en v\u00e9rifiant la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du commandement d\u00e9livr\u00e9. Elle constate son caract\u00e8re complet et suffisamment pr\u00e9cis pour le locataire.<\/p>\n

L’examen de l’exception d’inex\u00e9cution illustre la rigueur de ce contr\u00f4le. Le juge \u00e9carte les arguments de la preneuse sur l’obligation de d\u00e9livrance. Il rel\u00e8ve que les refus d’agr\u00e9ment administratif r\u00e9sultent de l’incompl\u00e9tude des dossiers d\u00e9pos\u00e9s. Il note l’absence de diligence de la preneuse apr\u00e8s le dernier refus. Concernant l’acc\u00e8s au local, le dysfonctionnement du rideau m\u00e9tallique n’est pas imputable au bailleur. “Il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas \u00e9tabli que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 preneuse ne peut acc\u00e9der au local” (Motifs). Les obligations d’entretien incombent au preneur selon la clause contractuelle. L’exception d’inex\u00e9cution est donc rejet\u00e9e, permettant la mise en \u0153uvre de la clause.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination des cons\u00e9quences de la r\u00e9siliation<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre les diff\u00e9rentes demandes financi\u00e8res. Elle accorde une provision sur le principal de la dette locative, soit 17 481,32 euros. La majoration contractuelle de 10% est accord\u00e9e car elle n’est pas manifestement excessive. En revanche, la clause p\u00e9nale cumulative de 5% par mois est jug\u00e9e excessive. “La clause p\u00e9nale de 5% par mois de retard apparait manifestement excessive” (Motifs). Le juge use de son pouvoir mod\u00e9rateur pour l’\u00e9carter. Il fixe l’indemnit\u00e9 d’occupation post-r\u00e9siliation au montant du dernier loyer contractuel. Cette approche \u00e9quilibre la r\u00e9paration du pr\u00e9judice et le principe de proportionnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les autres demandes sont trait\u00e9es avec une grande rigueur proc\u00e9durale. Le juge refuse de statuer sur la validit\u00e9 des cautionnements en raison d’un vice de forme. “Le non-respect du formalisme exig\u00e9 par les textes susvis\u00e9s constitue une contestation s\u00e9rieuse” (Motifs). Cette question rel\u00e8ve ainsi de l’appr\u00e9ciation du juge du fond. Les demandes reconventionnelles sont rejet\u00e9es faute de preuve d’un manquement du bailleur. La d\u00e9cision illustre la prudence du juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s sur les questions complexes. Elle r\u00e9serve au juge du fond les points n\u00e9cessitant une instruction approfondie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, statuant en r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le 29 octobre 2024, se prononce sur une demande de constatation d’acquisition d’une clause r\u00e9solutoire…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-655619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Pontoise, le 29 octobre 2024, n\u00b025\/00479 - 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Un bailleur a demand\u00e9 le paiement provisionnel de loyers impay\u00e9s et l\u2019app...","rel":"","context":""Jurisprudence" i\u00e7inde","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-kZiOPpjVuEg-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-kZiOPpjVuEg-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-kZiOPpjVuEg-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-kZiOPpjVuEg-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-kZiOPpjVuEg-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-kZiOPpjVuEg-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/655619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=655619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/655619\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=655619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=655619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=655619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}