{"id":656043,"date":"2026-04-23T06:39:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T04:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-mai-2024-n24-00178\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T06:39:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T04:39:04","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-mai-2024-n24-00178","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-paris-le-16-mai-2024-n24-00178\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 16 mai 2024, n\u00b024\/00178"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 16 mai 2024, examine une action en paiement dirig\u00e9e contre les associ\u00e9s d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de construction-vente. Les demandeurs, cr\u00e9anciers de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mise en liquidation judiciaire, poursuivent le recouvrement de leur cr\u00e9ance admise au passif. La juridiction doit d\u00e9terminer les conditions de la mise en \u0153uvre de la responsabilit\u00e9 ind\u00e9finie des associ\u00e9s. Elle accueille la demande principale et rejette les demandes reconventionnelles des d\u00e9fenderesses.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gularisation de l’action en responsabilit\u00e9 contre les associ\u00e9s<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9cise les conditions proc\u00e9durales de l’action. Elle rappelle le principe de la responsabilit\u00e9 ind\u00e9finie et proportionnelle des associ\u00e9s d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de construction-vente. Cette responsabilit\u00e9 est r\u00e9gie par les articles 1857 et 1858 du code civil, applicables en vertu de l’article L. 211-1 du code de la construction et de l’habitation. Le cr\u00e9ancier doit pr\u00e9alablement et vainement poursuivre la personne morale avant de se tourner vers les associ\u00e9s. La mise en \u0153uvre de cette condition est ici simplifi\u00e9e par l’existence d’une proc\u00e9dure collective.<\/p>\n

La liquidation judiciaire de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 op\u00e8re une pr\u00e9somption d’insolvabilit\u00e9. Elle dispense le cr\u00e9ancier de d\u00e9montrer l’insuffisance du patrimoine social. “Dans le cas o\u00f9 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile est soumise \u00e0 une proc\u00e9dure de liquidation judiciaire, la d\u00e9claration de la cr\u00e9ance \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure dispense le cr\u00e9ancier d’\u00e9tablir que le patrimoine social est insuffisant” (Ch. mixte., 18 mai 2007, pourvoi n\u00b0 05-10.413). Cette jurisprudence est express\u00e9ment reprise par le tribunal. La d\u00e9claration r\u00e9guli\u00e8re de la cr\u00e9ance au passif tient lieu de vaines poursuites exig\u00e9es par l’article 1858 du code civil. Elle \u00e9quivaut \u00e9galement \u00e0 la mise en demeure infructueuse pr\u00e9vue par l’article L. 211-2 du m\u00eame code. Cette solution all\u00e8ge consid\u00e9rablement la charge probatoire du cr\u00e9ancier. Elle facilite l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’action contre les associ\u00e9s en cas de d\u00e9faillance de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du fondement de l’action et son \u00e9tendue<\/p>\n

Le tribunal d\u00e9limite ensuite le champ d’application des textes invoqu\u00e9s. Il \u00e9carte un moyen de d\u00e9fense fond\u00e9 sur une erreur de qualification juridique. Une associ\u00e9e soutenait que les cr\u00e9anciers auraient d\u00fb pr\u00e9alablement mettre en demeure l’assureur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Ce moyen proc\u00e9dait d’une m\u00e9connaissance des dispositions sp\u00e9cifiques du code de la construction. L’alin\u00e9a 3 de l’article L. 211-2 ne vise que les actions fond\u00e9es sur la garantie des vices cach\u00e9s. “Les dispositions de l’alin\u00e9a 3 de l’article L. 211-2 du code de la construction et de l\u2019habitation n\u2019\u00e9tant pas applicables, la responsabilit\u00e9 de la SCCV ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 retenue sur le fondement contractuel” (Sur la demande de condamnation dirig\u00e9e contre les associ\u00e9es). La cr\u00e9ance, n\u00e9e d’un simple retard de livraison, rel\u00e8ve du droit commun des obligations. Les conditions de l’action contre les associ\u00e9s sont donc celles du droit commun des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s civiles.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tendue de l’engagement des associ\u00e9s est strictement proportionnelle \u00e0 leurs droits sociaux. Le tribunal constate que les deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es d\u00e9tenaient chacune la moiti\u00e9 du capital. La responsabilit\u00e9 est donc divis\u00e9e par parts \u00e9gales entre elles. Chacune est condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 payer la moiti\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ance admise au passif de la liquidation. Cette solution respecte le principe \u00e9nonc\u00e9 \u00e0 l’article 1857 du code civil. Elle pr\u00e9serve la nature intrins\u00e8quement proportionnelle de l’engagement dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Le rejet de la demande de d\u00e9lais de paiement est justifi\u00e9 par l’absence de preuve de la situation du d\u00e9biteur. Il consacre \u00e9galement le droit du cr\u00e9ancier \u00e0 un recouvrement effectif apr\u00e8s une attente prolong\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris, statuant le 16 mai 2024, examine une action en paiement dirig\u00e9e contre les associ\u00e9s d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile de construction-ven…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":3884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68dc0821b3454b9878881d3f","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68dc0821b3454b9878881d3f","_kj_judilibre_id":"68dc0821b3454b9878881d3f","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Denis de La R\u00e9union","_kj_chambre":"1\u00e8re Chambre","_kj_rg":"24\/00178","_kj_date":"2025-09-30","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Paris, le 16 mai 2024, n\u00b024\/00178 - 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Le cr\u00e9ancier avait pr\u00e9alablement pour...","rel":"","context":""Jurisprudence" i\u00e7inde","block_context":{"text":"Jurisprudence","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/jurisprudence\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-1zAPNbJuDPI-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-1zAPNbJuDPI-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-1zAPNbJuDPI-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-1zAPNbJuDPI-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-1zAPNbJuDPI-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-1zAPNbJuDPI-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":428509,"url":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-29-septembre-2011-n10-22961\/","url_meta":{"origin":656043,"position":5},"title":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 29 septembre 2011, n\u00b010\/22961","author":"Kohen","date":"23 Mart 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"L\u2019arr\u00eat de la Cour d\u2019appel de Paris du 29 septembre 2011, rendu sur renvoi apr\u00e8s cassation, tranche une question relative \u00e0 l\u2019engagement des associ\u00e9s d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en formation. 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Les trois personnes physiques fondatrices sign\u00e8rent\u2026","rel":"","context":""Cour d'appel" i\u00e7inde","block_context":{"text":"Cour d'appel","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/category\/cour-dappel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/kohenavocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/232070755"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=656043"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/656043\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=656043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=656043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=656043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}