{"id":659471,"date":"2026-04-23T13:24:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T11:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-poitiers-le-14-octobre-2024-n24-00683\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T13:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T11:24:09","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-poitiers-le-14-octobre-2024-n24-00683","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-poitiers-le-14-octobre-2024-n24-00683\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de Poitiers, le 14 octobre 2024, n\u00b024\/00683"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement avant dire droit, examine une action en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. L’assignation a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e le 14 octobre 2024 suite \u00e0 des incidents de paiement survenus \u00e0 partir d’ao\u00fbt 2022. Le d\u00e9fendeur est demeur\u00e9 non comparant et introuvable malgr\u00e9 les diligences du commissaire de justice. Le juge soul\u00e8ve d’office plusieurs moyens tir\u00e9s du code de la consommation concernant la recevabilit\u00e9 de la demande et la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du contrat, et ordonne la r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats.<\/p>\n

La recevabilit\u00e9 temporelle de l’action en paiement<\/p>\n

Le juge v\u00e9rifie d’office le respect du d\u00e9lai de forclusion. L’article R312-35 du code de la consommation impose un d\u00e9lai de deux ans pour agir \u00e0 compter du premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9. En l’esp\u00e8ce, il ressort de l’historique de compte que le premier impay\u00e9 non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 est intervenu au 20 ao\u00fbt 2022. L’assignation a \u00e9t\u00e9 signifi\u00e9e le 14 octobre 2024. D\u00e8s lors, la demande en paiement est recevable. Cette application stricte prot\u00e8ge l’emprunteur contre des actions tardives tout en s\u00e9curisant les proc\u00e9dures pour le cr\u00e9ancier. La jurisprudence confirme cette rigueur dans le calcul du point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai.<\/p>\n

Un tribunal a ainsi jug\u00e9 que “l’assignation a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l’expiration du d\u00e9lai de forclusion de deux ans” (Tribunal judiciaire de Saint-Etienne, le 3 juin 2025, n\u00b024\/04329). La v\u00e9rification d’office par le juge garantit le respect de cette r\u00e8gle d’ordre public. Elle s’impose m\u00eame en l’absence de toute contestation de la partie d\u00e9faillante. Le juge fonde sa d\u00e9cision sur une analyse pr\u00e9cise de l’historique financier produit. Cette rigueur proc\u00e9durale assure une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique pour toutes les parties concern\u00e9es par un litige de cr\u00e9dit \u00e0 la consommation.<\/p>\n

Les conditions de fond de l’exigibilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 du contrat<\/p>\n

Le juge examine ensuite les conditions de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme et la validit\u00e9 des formalit\u00e9s du contrat. La d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du terme n\u00e9cessite une mise en demeure r\u00e9guli\u00e8re pr\u00e9cisant la clause r\u00e9solutoire. Les courriers envoy\u00e9s sont tous retourn\u00e9s avec des mentions d’inexactitude de l’adresse. La cour d’appel de Besan\u00e7on a estim\u00e9 que la banque “a pu, sans \u00eatre tenue au pr\u00e9alable de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la v\u00e9rification de l’adresse qu’elle tenait de son d\u00e9biteur, lui adresser une mise en demeure \u00e0 l’adresse d\u00e9clar\u00e9e” (Cour d’appel de Besan\u00e7on, le 20 novembre 2025, n\u00b024\/01373). Le juge retient donc que la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement acquise.<\/p>\n

Cependant, il rel\u00e8ve plusieurs irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s substantielles pouvant entra\u00eener la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance du droit aux int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le contrat pr\u00e9sente des d\u00e9fauts de lisibilit\u00e9 et d’information, notamment sur le type de cr\u00e9dit et le TAEG. Le bordereau de r\u00e9tractation et la fiche pr\u00e9contractuelle ne sont pas annex\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. Enfin, la v\u00e9rification de la solvabilit\u00e9 para\u00eet insuffisante au regard des justificatifs produits. Chacune de ces violations, si elle est av\u00e9r\u00e9e, est sanctionn\u00e9e par la perte des int\u00e9r\u00eats. Le juge invite donc le cr\u00e9ancier \u00e0 s’expliquer sur ces points critiques avant de statuer au fond.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision r\u00e9side dans le contr\u00f4le syst\u00e9matique op\u00e9r\u00e9 par le juge. Ce contr\u00f4le actif prot\u00e8ge l’emprunteur absent et assure le respect du droit de la consommation. L’ordonnance de r\u00e9ouverture des d\u00e9bats permet au cr\u00e9ancier de r\u00e9gulariser sa position. Elle illustre le r\u00f4le p\u00e9dagogique et \u00e9quilibrateur du juge des contentieux de la protection. La solution pr\u00e9serve les droits de la d\u00e9fense tout en maintenant l’exigence de conformit\u00e9 des pratiques professionnelles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement avant dire droit, examine une action en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. L’ass…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4770,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68ff2ef87e08341cb49794b3","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ff2ef87e08341cb49794b3","_kj_judilibre_id":"68ff2ef87e08341cb49794b3","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Poitiers","_kj_chambre":"JUGE CX PROTECTION (JCP)","_kj_rg":"24\/00683","_kj_date":"2025-09-26","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-659471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nTribunal judiciaire de Poitiers, le 14 octobre 2024, n\u00b024\/00683 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le juge des contentieux de la protection, statuant par jugement avant dire droit, examine une action en paiement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tablissement de cr\u00e9dit. 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