{"id":659988,"date":"2026-04-23T14:26:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T12:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-beziers-le-16-decembre-2025-n25-00274\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T14:26:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T12:26:05","slug":"tribunal-judiciaire-de-beziers-le-16-decembre-2025-n25-00274","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/tribunal-judiciaire-de-beziers-le-16-decembre-2025-n25-00274\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers, le 16 d\u00e9cembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00274"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le tribunal judiciaire, statuant comme juge des contentieux de la protection, a rendu un jugement le 16 d\u00e9cembre 2025. L’affaire concernait le recouvrement de sommes dues suite \u00e0 la r\u00e9siliation d’un contrat de location avec option d’achat. Le juge a d\u00fb se prononcer sur la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action en paiement au regard du d\u00e9lai de forclusion et sur les mesures d’ex\u00e9cution forc\u00e9e. La solution a admis la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action et condamn\u00e9 l’emprunteur d\u00e9faillant au paiement et \u00e0 la restitution du bien.<\/p>\n

La qualification de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9clencheur du d\u00e9lai de forclusion<\/p>\n

Le juge a d’abord identifi\u00e9 le point de d\u00e9part du d\u00e9lai pour agir. L’application du d\u00e9lai forclusif d\u00e9pend de la caract\u00e9risation pr\u00e9cise de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement initial. La d\u00e9cision retient la date du premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9. “La forclusion n\u2019est pas encourue, l\u2019action ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9e le 20 mai 2025, soit moins de deux ans apr\u00e8s le premier incident de paiement non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9, datant du 15 mars 2024.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Ce point de d\u00e9part est conforme \u00e0 la lettre du code de la consommation. La jurisprudence rappelle que “l’action en recouvrement mise en oeuvre le 22 novembre 2021 n’encourt pas la forclusion” lorsque la date d’action est post\u00e9rieure au premier incident impay\u00e9 (Cour d’appel de Versailles, le 16 mai 2023, n\u00b022\/02766). La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est essentielle pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique. Elle offre une pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 certaine aux parties sur le d\u00e9lai pour agir.<\/p>\n

La computation du d\u00e9lai et la recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action<\/p>\n

Ensuite, le juge a proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la computation du d\u00e9lai entre l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9clencheur et l’action en justice. La v\u00e9rification de ce point est imp\u00e9rative pour prononcer la forclusion. En l’esp\u00e8ce, l’action a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9e le 20 mai 2025. Le premier incident non r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 remontait au 15 mars 2024. Le d\u00e9lai de deux ans n’\u00e9tait donc pas \u00e9coul\u00e9. La solution consacre une application stricte du texte forclusif. “Les actions en paiement engag\u00e9es \u00e0 l’occasion de la d\u00e9faillance de l’emprunteur doivent \u00eatre form\u00e9es dans les deux ans de l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement qui leur a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 peine de forclusion.” (Cour d’appel de Douai, le 25 septembre 2025, n\u00b023\/04541). La valeur de ce contr\u00f4le est protectrice des droits de la partie cr\u00e9anci\u00e8re. Elle \u00e9vite une extinction pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e de son action en recouvrement.<\/p>\n

Les mesures d’ex\u00e9cution et les modalit\u00e9s de la condamnation<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9cision a ensuite ordonn\u00e9 des mesures contraignantes pour assurer l’ex\u00e9cution de la condamnation. Face \u00e0 la d\u00e9faillance persistante, le juge a combin\u00e9 plusieurs instruments proc\u00e9duraux. Il a d’abord condamn\u00e9 au paiement d’une somme d’argent avec int\u00e9r\u00eats l\u00e9gaux. Il a ensuite ordonn\u00e9 la restitution du v\u00e9hicule financ\u00e9. Pour vaincre une r\u00e9sistance pr\u00e9visible, une astreinte a \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9e. “L’astreinte est une mesure de contrainte ordonn\u00e9e par le juge pour vaincre la r\u00e9sistance pr\u00e9visible d’une partie \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La port\u00e9e de cette mesure est d’assurer l’effectivit\u00e9 pratique de la d\u00e9cision de justice. Elle exerce une pression financi\u00e8re pour obtenir l’ex\u00e9cution spontan\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

L’articulation entre la restitution et le recouvrement p\u00e9cuniaire<\/p>\n

Enfin, le juge a organis\u00e9 l’articulation entre la restitution du bien et la cr\u00e9ance d’argent. La d\u00e9cision pr\u00e9voit une imputation du produit de la vente du bien sur la dette. “Une fois le bien restitu\u00e9 ou saisi, le prix de vente du bien aux ench\u00e8res s\u2019imputera sur la somme due.” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette disposition permet une ex\u00e9cution compl\u00e8te et coh\u00e9rente de la condamnation. Elle \u00e9vite un cumul injustifi\u00e9 au profit du cr\u00e9ancier. La valeur de ce m\u00e9canisme est de garantir une ex\u00e9cution \u00e9quitable et proportionn\u00e9e. Il concilie le droit \u00e0 recouvrement et la pr\u00e9vention d’une double sanction pour le d\u00e9biteur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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