{"id":663825,"date":"2026-04-23T21:45:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-aix-en-provence-le-4-fevrier-2025-n24-12209\/"},"modified":"2026-04-23T21:45:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T19:45:32","slug":"cour-dappel-de-aix-en-provence-le-4-fevrier-2025-n24-12209","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-aix-en-provence-le-4-fevrier-2025-n24-12209\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Aix-en-Provence, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/12209"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La Cour d’appel d’Aix-en-Provence, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2025, statue sur les suites d’une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale ayant conduit \u00e0 une relaxe. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait obtenu une mesure conservatoire avant que la personne mise en cause ne soit relax\u00e9e des faits d’escroquerie qui la concernaient. Le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution a ensuite ordonn\u00e9 la mainlev\u00e9e de la saisie, d\u00e9cision attaqu\u00e9e par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et faisant l’objet d’un appel incident de la part de la personne relax\u00e9e. La question est de savoir si la relaxe prononc\u00e9e au p\u00e9nal rend n\u00e9cessaire la mainlev\u00e9e de la mesure conservatoire civile et si cette mesure \u00e9tait abusive. La cour confirme la mainlev\u00e9e et rejette la demande en indemnisation pour abus.<\/p>\n

Le caract\u00e8re conditionnel de la mesure conservatoire<\/p>\n

La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une cr\u00e9ance paraissant fond\u00e9e en son principe. L’article L511-1 du CPCE exige deux conditions cumulatives pour autoriser une mesure conservatoire. Le cr\u00e9ancier doit justifier d’une cr\u00e9ance paraissant fond\u00e9e en son principe et d’un risque pour son recouvrement. La cour rappelle qu’il “appartient au juge du fond de rechercher souverainement l’existence non pas d’un principe de cr\u00e9ance mais seulement d’une cr\u00e9ance paraissant fond\u00e9e en son principe” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). Cette appr\u00e9ciation souveraine est cruciale pour filtrer les demandes insuffisamment \u00e9tay\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’extinction du fondement par la d\u00e9cision p\u00e9nale. En l’esp\u00e8ce, le premier juge a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 qu’apr\u00e8s la relaxe, le principe de cr\u00e9ance n’\u00e9tait plus \u00e9tabli. La cour d’appel valide cette analyse en constatant que “la SAS n’apporte aucun \u00e9l\u00e9ment de preuve d\u00e9montrant l’existence d’une cr\u00e9ance paraissant fond\u00e9e en son principe” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). D\u00e8s lors, une condition essentielle de l’article L511-1 fait d\u00e9faut, rendant la mesure sans objet. Cette solution est coh\u00e9rente avec le principe selon lequel “l’hypoth\u00e8que s’\u00e9teint par l’extinction de l’obligation qu’elle garantit” (Tribunal judiciaire de Colmar, le 10 f\u00e9vrier 2026, n\u00b025\/00100).<\/p>\n

La distinction entre mesure inutile et mesure abusive<\/p>\n

L’absence d’automaticit\u00e9 de l’abus en cas de relaxe. La personne relax\u00e9e invoquait l’article L121-2 du CPCE pour obtenir des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour abus. La cour \u00e9carte cette demande en distinguant l’inutilit\u00e9 de l’abus. Elle estime que “la relaxe prononc\u00e9e n’est pas n\u00e9cessairement la preuve que la proc\u00e9dure de saisie \u00e9tait abusive” (Motifs de la d\u00e9cision). La complexit\u00e9 du dossier p\u00e9nal et le droit fondamental d’acc\u00e8s au juge justifient cette position. L’abus requiert ainsi une d\u00e9monstration sp\u00e9cifique, au-del\u00e0 du simple \u00e9chec final de la pr\u00e9tention.<\/p>\n

La sanction limit\u00e9e au seul article 700 du CPC. Bien que d\u00e9bout\u00e9e de sa demande en indemnisation pour abus, la personne relax\u00e9e obtient une allocation sur le fondement de l’article 700 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Cette condamnation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 au paiement de 2000 euros sanctionne les frais expos\u00e9s non compris dans les d\u00e9pens. Cela marque une forme de r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrage, reconnaissant les troubles subis sans pour autant qualifier la d\u00e9marche initiale de d\u00e9loyale. La mesure conservatoire, bien que devenue sans fondement, n’\u00e9tait pas entach\u00e9e de mauvaise foi.<\/p>\n

Cet arr\u00eat rappelle avec fermet\u00e9 le lien de d\u00e9pendance entre la mesure conservatoire et l’obligation garantie. La relaxe p\u00e9nale, en an\u00e9antissant le principe m\u00eame de la cr\u00e9ance civile, prive la mesure de son fondement l\u00e9gal et impose sa mainlev\u00e9e. Toutefois, il op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre l’inutilit\u00e9, cons\u00e9quence normale de l’\u00e9volution proc\u00e9durale, et l’abus, qui suppose une faute du cr\u00e9ancier. Cette solution pr\u00e9serve l’effectivit\u00e9 des mesures conservatoires tout en prot\u00e9geant les d\u00e9biteurs contre les mesures priv\u00e9es de base s\u00e9rieuse.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Cour d’appel d’Aix-en-Provence, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2025, statue sur les suites d’une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale ayant conduit \u00e0 une relaxe. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avait obtenu une m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4834,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d62a08c52dd73e0dd8f4af","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d62a08c52dd73e0dd8f4af","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d62a08c52dd73e0dd8f4af","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel d'Aix-en-Provence","_kj_chambre":"Chambre 1-9","_kj_rg":"24\/12209","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-663825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Aix-en-Provence, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n\u00b024\/12209 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cour d'appel d'Aix-en-Provence, le 4 f\u00e9vrier 2025, statue sur les suites d'une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale ayant conduit \u00e0 une relaxe. 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