{"id":664614,"date":"2026-04-23T22:56:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T20:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-11-aout-2023-n24-12796\/"},"modified":"2026-04-26T21:21:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T19:21:38","slug":"cour-dappel-de-paris-le-11-aout-2023-n24-12796","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-paris-le-11-aout-2023-n24-12796\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Paris, le 11 ao\u00fbt 2023, n\u00b024\/12796"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La v\u00e9rification des obligations pr\u00e9contractuelles du pr\u00eateur<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le du respect du d\u00e9lai de forclusion. Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’article R. 312-35 du code de la consommation, l’action en paiement se prescrit dans les deux ans du premier incident. Le juge doit v\u00e9rifier d’office ce point m\u00eame en cas de d\u00e9faut. L’assignation du 11 ao\u00fbt 2023 est intervenue apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9ch\u00e9ance impay\u00e9e du 15 f\u00e9vrier 2022. L’action est donc recevable car form\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9lai l\u00e9gal requis. Cette application stricte prot\u00e8ge l’emprunteur contre des actions tardives.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9valuation de la solvabilit\u00e9 et la production de justificatifs. Le pr\u00eateur doit v\u00e9rifier la solvabilit\u00e9 selon l’article L. 312-16. Il incombe au pr\u00eateur de rapporter la preuve de ce qu’il a satisfait \u00e0 ses obligations. Le contrat fut conclu en agence, excluant l’application de l’article L. 312-17. La cour estime que les bulletins de paie et avis d’imposition produits suffisent. La consultation du fichier des incidents est \u00e9galement d\u00e9montr\u00e9e. Le premier juge est donc all\u00e9 au-del\u00e0 des exigences textuelles en privant la banque de son droit \u00e0 int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n

La sanction du d\u00e9faut de lisibilit\u00e9 contractuelle<\/p>\n

L’exigence imp\u00e9rative de la taille r\u00e9glementaire des caract\u00e8res. L’article R. 312-10 impose une hauteur minimale des caract\u00e8res. Le corps huit correspond \u00e0 3 mm en points Didot. Le l\u00e9gislateur fran\u00e7ais s’est r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 implicitement \u00e0 la norme typographique fran\u00e7aise. La cour rejette toute interpr\u00e9tation laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tion des \u00e9tablissements bancaires. Cette fixation rigoureuse garantit une protection effective du consommateur.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9thode de mesure et son application en l’esp\u00e8ce. La taille de la police doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la hauteur maximale occup\u00e9e par le dessin de tous les caract\u00e8res. La v\u00e9rification se fait en divisant la hauteur du paragraphe par son nombre de lignes. En l’esp\u00e8ce, cette v\u00e9rification conduite sur le paragraphe 4.3 permet de constater que chacune occupe 2,5 millim\u00e8tres. Le non-respect est donc \u00e9tabli et entra\u00eene la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l’article L. 341-4. Cette approche m\u00e9thodique renforce la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique.<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences financi\u00e8res de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance prononc\u00e9e<\/p>\n

La limitation de la cr\u00e9ance au seul capital restant d\u00fb. En application de l’article L. 341-8, l’emprunteur n’est tenu qu’au seul remboursement du capital. Les int\u00e9r\u00eats d\u00e9j\u00e0 per\u00e7us sont imput\u00e9s sur le capital restant d\u00fb. La cour recalcule ainsi la dette en d\u00e9duisant les sommes d\u00e9j\u00e0 pay\u00e9es. La clause p\u00e9nale<\/a> est \u00e9galement \u00e9cart\u00e9e en coh\u00e9rence avec la sanction. Cette r\u00e9duction drastique de la cr\u00e9ance donne un effet concret \u00e0 la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance.<\/p>\n

Le refus de la majoration du taux l\u00e9gal pour pr\u00e9server l’effet dissuasif. Le pr\u00eateur peut solliciter des int\u00e9r\u00eats au taux l\u00e9gal sur le capital. Cependant, la majoration de cinq points pr\u00e9vue par l’article L. 313-3 du code mon\u00e9taire et financier est \u00e9cart\u00e9e. La cour invoque la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server les caract\u00e8res de dissuasion et d’efficacit\u00e9 de la sanction. Cette solution s’aligne sur la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne. Elle emp\u00eache ainsi une compensation indirecte de la perte des int\u00e9r\u00eats contractuels.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de l’arr\u00eat est significative en droit de la consommation. Il rappelle le contr\u00f4le d’office du juge sur la forclusion, prot\u00e9geant le d\u00e9biteur m\u00eame absent. Il affine le r\u00e9gime de preuve des obligations d’\u00e9valuation de la solvabilit\u00e9. Surtout, il donne une interpr\u00e9tation stricte et mesurable de l’exigence de lisibilit\u00e9. “Le corps huit correspond \u00e0 3 mm en points Didot” (Cour d’appel de Reims, le 18 mars 2025, n\u00b024\/01110). Cette pr\u00e9cision technique renforce l’ordre public de protection. Enfin, il limite les cons\u00e9quences financi\u00e8res de la d\u00e9ch\u00e9ance pour lui conserver son effet utile.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La v\u00e9rification des obligations pr\u00e9contractuelles du pr\u00eateur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68d621a4fd95ebd9ab3855d4","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68d621a4fd95ebd9ab3855d4","_kj_judilibre_id":"68d621a4fd95ebd9ab3855d4","_kj_jur":"Cour d'appel","_kj_lieu":"Cour d'appel de Paris","_kj_chambre":"P\u00f4le 4 - Chambre 9 - A","_kj_rg":"24\/12796","_kj_date":"2025-09-25","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-664614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel de Paris, le 11 ao\u00fbt 2023, n\u00b024\/12796 - 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