{"id":666325,"date":"2026-04-24T01:15:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T23:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-le-24-septembre-2025-n22-01869\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T01:15:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T23:15:54","slug":"cour-dappel-le-24-septembre-2025-n22-01869","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-le-24-septembre-2025-n22-01869\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel, le 24 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/01869"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La cour d’appel, statuant en date non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, a examin\u00e9 les demandes d’une ancienne stagiaire concernant une p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant sa convention de stage. La juridiction a d’abord rejet\u00e9 une exception d’incomp\u00e9tence avant de statuer sur le fond. Elle a confirm\u00e9 l’absence de contrat de travail pour la p\u00e9riode litigieuse mais a accord\u00e9 une indemnisation pour d\u00e9passement de la dur\u00e9e l\u00e9gale de pr\u00e9sence durant le stage.<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence mat\u00e9rielle du juge prud’homal<\/p>\n

La cour rappelle le principe de la comp\u00e9tence exclusive du conseil de prud’hommes pour les litiges n\u00e9s du contrat de travail. Elle pr\u00e9cise que l’existence m\u00eame d’un contrat rel\u00e8ve de sa comp\u00e9tence, cette condition n’\u00e9tant pas une question de recevabilit\u00e9. “L’existence d’un contrat de travail n’\u00e9tant pas une condition de recevabilit\u00e9 de l’action, mais seulement de son succ\u00e8s, les demandes li\u00e9es \u00e0 l’existence d’un contrat de travail (y compris la requalification de la p\u00e9riode de stage) rel\u00e8vent de la comp\u00e9tence du conseil de prud’hommes.” (Motifs) En revanche, les demandes relatives \u00e0 un stage, sans contrat, rel\u00e8vent du juge civil. La cour \u00e9carte finalement l’exception d’incomp\u00e9tence en appliquant l’article 90 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile pour statuer au fond. Cette analyse affirme l’attractivit\u00e9 de la juridiction prud’homale pour toute question touchant \u00e0 la qualification du lien contractuel. Elle s\u00e9curise \u00e9galement l’acc\u00e8s au juge en \u00e9vitant un renvoi pr\u00e9judiciel sur une question pr\u00e9alable.<\/p>\n

La preuve de l’existence d’un contrat de travail<\/p>\n

La cour applique la d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale du contrat de travail, insistant sur les crit\u00e8res cumulatifs de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration et du lien de subordination. Elle souligne que ce lien s’appr\u00e9cie en fait, ind\u00e9pendamment de la volont\u00e9 des parties. “Le lien de subordination, \u00e9l\u00e9ment majeur du contrat, est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l’ex\u00e9cution d’un travail sous l’autorit\u00e9 d’un employeur qui a le pouvoir de donner des ordres et des directives, d’en contr\u00f4ler l’ex\u00e9cution et de sanctionner les manquements du subordonn\u00e9.” (Motifs) L’examen des preuves, notamment des \u00e9changes WhatsApp et attestations, conduit la cour \u00e0 constater l’absence d’instruction personnelle, de contr\u00f4le des horaires et de versement d’un salaire. Elle en d\u00e9duit que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments “ne font ressortir ni la fourniture d’un travail en contrepartie d’un salaire ni l’existence d’un lien de subordination.” (Motifs) Cette rigueur probatoire rappelle la charge qui p\u00e8se sur le demandeur et la difficult\u00e9 de renverser la pr\u00e9somption de stage lorsque existe une convention.<\/p>\n

La protection du stagiaire contre les abus<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 le rejet de la qualification de salari\u00e9, la cour reconna\u00eet au stagiaire un droit \u00e0 ne pas subir des conditions de pr\u00e9sence excessives. Elle \u00e9tend au stagiaire les limites l\u00e9gales du temps de travail applicables aux salari\u00e9s. “En aucun cas, un stagiaire ne peut \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles plus d\u00e9favorables qu’un salari\u00e9.” (Motifs) Face \u00e0 des d\u00e9comptes irr\u00e9guliers et \u00e0 l’absence de justification de l’entreprise, la cour alloue des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour le d\u00e9passement des dur\u00e9es maximales. Cette solution consacre une protection minimale du stagiaire fond\u00e9e sur le droit commun de la responsabilit\u00e9. Elle comble un vide juridique en sanctionnant les abus durant les stages, m\u00eame en l’absence de relation salariale caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le rejet caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 de la qualification de travail dissimul\u00e9<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte la demande d’indemnit\u00e9 forfaitaire pour travail dissimul\u00e9, faute d’\u00e9tablir les \u00e9l\u00e9ments mat\u00e9riel et intentionnel. Elle consid\u00e8re notamment “l’absence de contrat de travail et la taille modeste de l’entreprise” (Motifs). Cette d\u00e9cision limite la port\u00e9e de la pr\u00e9somption de travail dissimul\u00e9 en exigeant une d\u00e9monstration concr\u00e8te de la fraude. Elle prot\u00e8ge ainsi les petites structures d’une sanction automatique lorsque la qualification de contrat de travail n’est pas retenue. Elle rappelle que l’absence de preuve d’un contrat ne vaut pas n\u00e9cessairement preuve d’une volont\u00e9 d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de dissimulation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La cour d’appel, statuant en date non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, a examin\u00e9 les demandes d’une ancienne stagiaire concernant une p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant sa convention de stage. La j…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":4685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-666325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour d'appel, le 24 septembre 2025, n\u00b022\/01869 - Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cour d'appel, statuant en date non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e, a examin\u00e9 les demandes d'une ancienne stagiaire concernant une p\u00e9riode pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant sa convention de stage. 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