{"id":670060,"date":"2026-04-24T07:14:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:14:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/conseil-de-prudhommes-le-30-septembre-2025-n25-00007\/"},"modified":"2026-04-24T07:14:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T05:14:29","slug":"conseil-de-prudhommes-le-30-septembre-2025-n25-00007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/conseil-de-prudhommes-le-30-septembre-2025-n25-00007\/","title":{"rendered":"Conseil de prud’hommes, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00007"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution de Gap, statuant le 30 septembre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d’une demande de liquidation d’une astreinte prononc\u00e9e par le conseil de prud’hommes. La partie d\u00e9bitrice invoquait des difficult\u00e9s personnelles et sollicitait une r\u00e9duction ainsi que des d\u00e9lais de paiement. La juridiction a liquid\u00e9 l’astreinte \u00e0 un montant symbolique apr\u00e8s un contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9. Elle a \u00e9galement accord\u00e9 un \u00e9chelonnement du paiement de la condamnation.<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence et les pouvoirs du juge de l’ex\u00e9cution en mati\u00e8re d’astreinte<\/p>\n

La comp\u00e9tence du juge de l’ex\u00e9cution pour liquider l’astreinte est le principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Le texte applicable dispose que “l’astreinte, m\u00eame d\u00e9finitive, est liquid\u00e9e par le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution” (Article L 131-3 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d’ex\u00e9cution). Cette r\u00e8gle conna\u00eet des exceptions limitatives lorsque le juge d’origine reste saisi ou s’est express\u00e9ment r\u00e9serv\u00e9 le pouvoir. La jurisprudence confirme cette r\u00e9partition des comp\u00e9tences comme un principe directeur. “Il r\u00e9sulte des dispositions de l’article L131-3 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d’ex\u00e9cution que l’astreinte, m\u00eame d\u00e9finitive, est liquid\u00e9e par le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution, sauf si le juge qui l’a ordonn\u00e9e reste saisi de l’affaire ou s’en est express\u00e9ment r\u00e9serv\u00e9 le pouvoir” (Cour d’appel de Douai, le 3 avril 2025, n\u00b024\/02886). En l’esp\u00e8ce, le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution a donc pleinement comp\u00e9tence pour statuer sur la liquidation de l’astreinte d\u00e9finitive.<\/p>\n

Le pouvoir du juge de l’ex\u00e9cution est cependant encadr\u00e9 par des limites substantielles. Il ne peut pas modifier le dispositif de la d\u00e9cision qui sert de fondement aux poursuites. Son office consiste \u00e0 appliquer les textes r\u00e9gissant la liquidation et la modulation de l’astreinte. “Le juge qui statue sur la liquidation d\u2019une astreinte provisoire doit appr\u00e9cier le caract\u00e8re proportionn\u00e9 de l\u2019astreinte au droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du d\u00e9biteur au regard du but l\u00e9gitime qu\u2019elle poursuit.” Cette mission implique un contr\u00f4le in concreto des circonstances de l’esp\u00e8ce. Le juge v\u00e9rifie ainsi l’absence de cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re justifiant une suppression partielle ou totale. Il doit aussi tenir compte du comportement du d\u00e9biteur et des difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es pour ex\u00e9cuter l’injonction.<\/p>\n

Le contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9 et la modulation de l’astreinte<\/p>\n

Le juge proc\u00e8de \u00e0 une appr\u00e9ciation concr\u00e8te pour liquider le montant de l’astreinte. Il doit tenir compte du comportement de la partie condamn\u00e9e et des difficult\u00e9s qu’elle a rencontr\u00e9es. La loi pr\u00e9voit express\u00e9ment que “l\u2019astreinte provisoire ou d\u00e9finitive est supprim\u00e9e en tout ou partie s\u2019il est \u00e9tabli que l\u2019inex\u00e9cution ou le retard dans l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de l\u2019injonction du juge provient, en tout ou partie, d\u2019une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re” (Article L. 131-4 alin\u00e9a 3 du code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d\u2019ex\u00e9cution). Les difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res et personnelles invoqu\u00e9es par la d\u00e9fenderesse ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9cart\u00e9es. Elles ne constituent pas une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re au sens de la loi. Le juge a donc rejet\u00e9 ce moyen tout en reconnaissant la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de ces difficult\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Le juge op\u00e8re un contr\u00f4le de proportionnalit\u00e9 entre le montant de l’astreinte et l’enjeu du litige. Ce contr\u00f4le s’ajoute \u00e0 la recherche d’une cause \u00e9trang\u00e8re pour moduler la sanction. En l’esp\u00e8ce, le juge a estim\u00e9 que la somme initialement r\u00e9clam\u00e9e \u00e9tait disproportionn\u00e9e. Il a ainsi us\u00e9 de son pouvoir d’appr\u00e9ciation pour r\u00e9duire drastiquement le montant journalier. L’astreinte a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9e \u00e0 un euro symbolique par jour de retard. Cette d\u00e9cision illustre la marge de man\u0153uvre du juge pour adapter la sanction \u00e0 la situation. La liquidation finale aboutit \u00e0 une somme modeste au regard de la dur\u00e9e du retard.<\/p>\n

La port\u00e9e de cette d\u00e9cision est double. Elle rappelle la nature coercitive et non indemnitaire de l’astreinte provisoire. Le juge sanctionne l’inex\u00e9cution tout en \u00e9vitant une punition excessive. Elle confirme aussi l’autonomie du juge de l’ex\u00e9cution dans l’appr\u00e9ciation de la proportionnalit\u00e9. Ce contr\u00f4le in concreto permet d’\u00e9quilibrer l’efficacit\u00e9 de l’astreinte et le droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du d\u00e9biteur. La d\u00e9cision \u00e9vite ainsi que l’astreinte ne se transforme en une cr\u00e9ance disproportionn\u00e9e. Elle garantit le respect du principe de proportionnalit\u00e9 des peines et sanctions p\u00e9cuniaires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le juge de l’ex\u00e9cution de Gap, statuant le 30 septembre 2025, a \u00e9t\u00e9 saisi d’une demande de liquidation d’une astreinte prononc\u00e9e par le conseil de prud’homme…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"68f00c40c07170de10e693f7","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68f00c40c07170de10e693f7","_kj_judilibre_id":"68f00c40c07170de10e693f7","_kj_jur":"Tribunal judiciaire","_kj_lieu":"Tribunal judiciaire de Gap","_kj_chambre":"JEX","_kj_rg":"25\/00007","_kj_date":"2025-09-18","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7123,6580,7597,6718,6992],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-670060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-du-travail","category-droit-social","category-jurisprudence","category-social","category-travail"],"yoast_head":"\nConseil de prud'hommes, le 30 septembre 2025, n\u00b025\/00007 - 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