{"id":682678,"date":"2026-04-25T17:49:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:49:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-28-novembre-2024-n23-00325\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T17:49:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T15:49:19","slug":"cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-28-novembre-2024-n23-00325","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-dappel-de-colmar-le-28-novembre-2024-n23-00325\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour d’appel de Colmar, le 28 novembre 2024, n\u00b023\/00325"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cour d’appel de Colmar, statuant le 28 novembre 2024, examine les suites d’un accident survenu lors d’un transport en autocar. Une victime, ayant chut\u00e9 dans l’escalier d’un v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 l’arr\u00eat, engage la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’organisateur et du sous-traitant du voyage. La juridiction doit d\u00e9terminer le r\u00e9gime de responsabilit\u00e9 applicable et la r\u00e9partition des indemnit\u00e9s entre les diff\u00e9rents assureurs. Elle \u00e9carte la responsabilit\u00e9 de plein droit de l’organisateur pour retenir celle du transporteur sous-traitant sur le fondement de la loi du 5 juillet 1985.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9termination du r\u00e9gime de responsabilit\u00e9 applicable<\/p>\n

La distinction entre les r\u00e9gimes de l’organisateur et du transporteur<\/p>\n

La cour \u00e9carte l’application de l’article L. 211-17 du code du tourisme \u00e0 l’encontre de l’organisateur du voyage. Elle estime que la vente d’un transport “sec” ne constitue pas un service fourni \u00e0 l’occasion d’un voyage ou d’un s\u00e9jour. “La vente de ce transport ‘sec’ en autocar, ne constituant pas un service fourni par la SAS Voyages [O] Ringenbach \u00e0 l’occasion d’un voyage ou d’un s\u00e9jour, cette derni\u00e8re ne saurait voir sa responsabilit\u00e9 de plein droit engag\u00e9e en application de l’article L. 211-17 ancien du code de tourisme.” (Motifs) La port\u00e9e de cette analyse est de restreindre le champ de la responsabilit\u00e9 de plein droit des agences de voyages aux seules prestations complexes. Elle op\u00e8re une distinction nette entre la simple vente d’un titre de transport et l’organisation d’un voyage, prot\u00e9geant ainsi les vendeurs de services unitaires.<\/p>\n

L’application exclusive de la loi du 5 juillet 1985 au transporteur<\/p>\n

La cour retient la responsabilit\u00e9 du sous-traitant propri\u00e9taire du v\u00e9hicule sur le fondement de la loi du 5 juillet 1985. Elle consid\u00e8re que le v\u00e9hicule est impliqu\u00e9 d\u00e8s lors que sa fonction de d\u00e9placement est en cause, m\u00eame \u00e0 l’arr\u00eat. “Pour retenir l’implication du v\u00e9hicule dans l’accident, la jurisprudence consid\u00e8re que peu importe qu’il soit en mouvement ou en stationnement, d\u00e8s lors que sa fonction de d\u00e9placement est en cause.” (Motifs) Cette interpr\u00e9tation extensive de la notion d’implication consacre une protection maximale des victimes de tout accident li\u00e9 \u00e0 un v\u00e9hicule. Elle confirme que ce r\u00e9gime s’applique \u00e0 l’exclusion de tout autre d\u00e8s lors que ses conditions sont remplies, y compris en pr\u00e9sence d’un contrat.<\/p>\n

La mise en \u0153uvre des garanties d’assurance<\/p>\n

Le rejet des garanties des assureurs de l’organisateur<\/p>\n

La responsabilit\u00e9 de l’organisateur n’\u00e9tant pas retenue, la cour en d\u00e9duit que ses assureurs ne peuvent \u00eatre tenus. “La responsabilit\u00e9 de la SAS Voyages [O] Ringenbach n’\u00e9tant pas retenue, ses assureurs, \u00e0 savoir la SA Axa France IARD (assureur jusqu’au 1er octobre 2010) et la SA Hiscox, assureur au jour de la r\u00e9clamation, ne peuvent \u00eatre tenus \u00e0 garantie.” (Motifs) Cette solution illustre le principe de l’accessoire de la garantie \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9. Elle d\u00e9charge les assureurs de responsabilit\u00e9 civile professionnelle lorsque le fait dommageable ne rel\u00e8ve pas de l’activit\u00e9 garantie, pr\u00e9servant ainsi les fronti\u00e8res entre les branches d’assurance.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9signation du seul assureur automobile du transporteur<\/p>\n

La cour examine successivement les polices souscrites par le transporteur pour identifier la garantie applicable. Elle \u00e9carte la garantie de l’assureur responsabilit\u00e9 civile professionnelle en raison d’une clause d’exclusion des dommages par v\u00e9hicule. “Cette clause d’exclusion n’a pas vocation \u00e0 vider le contrat de sa substance, d\u00e8s lors qu’il a pour finalit\u00e9 de couvrir la responsabilit\u00e9 civile professionnelle.” (Motifs) Elle \u00e9carte \u00e9galement un autre assureur en raison de l’absence de r\u00e9clamation dans le d\u00e9lai contractuel. Seul l’assureur automobile, qui reconna\u00eet sa garantie, est finalement d\u00e9sign\u00e9. Cette analyse a pour valeur de rappeler la primaut\u00e9 de l’assurance automobile obligatoire pour les accidents de la circulation. Elle pr\u00e9cise les r\u00e8gles de d\u00e9clenchement de la garantie et l’interpr\u00e9tation des clauses d’exclusion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cour d’appel de Colmar, statuant le 28 novembre 2024, examine les suites d’un accident survenu lors d’un transport en autocar. 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