{"id":685560,"date":"2026-04-25T20:49:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/cour-de-cassation-le-9-juillet-2025-n23-22-063\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T20:49:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T18:49:21","slug":"cour-de-cassation-le-9-juillet-2025-n23-22-063","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.com\/tr\/cour-de-cassation-le-9-juillet-2025-n23-22-063\/","title":{"rendered":"Cour de cassation, le 9 juillet 2025, n\u00b023-22.063"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Par un arr\u00eat de la Cour de cassation, premi\u00e8re chambre civile, du 9 juillet 2025, les juges pr\u00e9cisent l’articulation des obligations de remboursement des voyages \u00e0 forfait. Un couple de voyageurs avait acquis aupr\u00e8s d’une agence d\u00e9taillante une croisi\u00e8re pr\u00e9vue fin octobre 2020 ; l’organisateur a finalement annul\u00e9 le s\u00e9jour pour cause sanitaire. Entre professionnels, des avenants puis un accord ult\u00e9rieur ont r\u00e9gl\u00e9 des restitutions, avant qu’une demande de remboursement et de dommages soit form\u00e9e contre le d\u00e9taillant, subsidiairement contre l’organisateur. Par un jugement du tribunal judiciaire de Marseille du 2 d\u00e9cembre 2022, la demande contre le d\u00e9taillant a \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillie ; ce dernier a sollicit\u00e9 la garantie de l’organisateur. Un pourvoi a \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9, contestant l’\u00e9tendue des obligations respectives et la port\u00e9e des accords intervenus ; la Haute juridiction rejette le pourvoi. La question pos\u00e9e tenait \u00e0 l’identification des d\u00e9biteurs de la restitution en cas de circonstances exceptionnelles, et au recours du d\u00e9taillant ayant d\u00e9sint\u00e9ress\u00e9 le voyageur. La Cour admet la dette conjointe de restitution du d\u00e9taillant et de l’organisateur et pr\u00e9cise le recours, tout en validant le rejet des pr\u00e9tentions contre l’organisateur.<\/p>\n

I. L\u2019\u00e9conomie de la solution retenue<\/p>\n

A. Le double d\u00e9biteur de la restitution en cas d\u2019annulation
\nLa Cour affirme un principe clair. Elle \u00e9nonce : “Ainsi, en cas d’annulation des prestations en raison de circonstances exceptionnelles et in\u00e9vitables, tant l’agence de voyage que l’organisateur du voyage sont tenus de rembourser la somme vers\u00e9e par le voyageur”. Le motif articule l’article L 211-14, III, 2, du code du tourisme avec le r\u00e9gime du forfait, et consacre une restitution conjointe. Le voyageur peut donc r\u00e9clamer l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 des sommes \u00e0 l’un ou l’autre, sans pr\u00e9judice des rapports internes entre professionnels.<\/p>\n

B. L\u2019am\u00e9nagement du recours interne du d\u00e9taillant contre l\u2019organisateur
\nLa Cour pr\u00e9cise ensuite la port\u00e9e du recours interne : “Il se d\u00e9duit de ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de que, en cas d’annulation du voyage en raison de circonstances exceptionnelles et in\u00e9vitables, l’agence de voyage ayant d\u00e9sint\u00e9ress\u00e9 le voyageur peut obtenir de l’organisateur de voyage le remboursement :”. ” – des sommes que l’organisateur a re\u00e7ues au titre de prestations qu’il devait assurer et qui n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es ;”. ” – le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, des sommes dues au voyageur \u00e0 titre de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats en cas de notification tardive de l’annulation par l’organisateur.”. Le recours recouvre d’abord la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des paiements encaiss\u00e9s pour des prestations annul\u00e9es. Il peut en outre inclure l’indemnisation corr\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 une notification tardive, \u00e0 condition d’\u00e9tablir ce retard et son lien causal. La solution \u00e9quilibre la protection du voyageur et la r\u00e9partition interne des risques, en assujettissant l\u2019indemnitaire \u00e0 la preuve d\u2019un manquement d\u2019information.<\/p>\n

II. Port\u00e9e et appr\u00e9ciation<\/p>\n

A. Substitution de motifs et refus de renvoi pr\u00e9judiciel
\nLa Cour assoit son raisonnement sur une base proc\u00e9durale ferme : “Par ces motifs de pur droit, substitu\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux critiqu\u00e9s, dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues par les articles 620, alin\u00e9a 1er, et 1015 du code de proc\u00e9dure civile, le jugement se trouve l\u00e9galement justifi\u00e9”. Elle ajoute : “DIT n’y avoir lieu de poser une question pr\u00e9judicielle \u00e0 la Cour de justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne”. La substitution op\u00e9r\u00e9e conf\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat une efficacit\u00e9 normative sans remise, tout en s\u00e9curisant l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation retenue. Le refus de renvoi consacre un acte clair au regard de la directive sur les voyages \u00e0 forfait, l\u2019issue d\u00e9coulant d\u2019une lecture harmonis\u00e9e de la restitution et de ses limites.<\/p>\n

B. Incidences pratiques pour les litiges post\u2011crise sanitaire
\nLe juge du fond a retenu des circonstances exceptionnelles au sens de l’article L 211-14, III, 2, l\u00e9gitimant la r\u00e9solution et excluant toute indemnisation suppl\u00e9mentaire. La Cour en d\u00e9duit, compte tenu d\u2019un accord interprofessionnel de restitution, que l\u2019action directe contre l\u2019organisateur devait \u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9e, la restitution demeurant due par le d\u00e9taillant. La solution structure la pr\u00e9vention du risque : informer \u00e0 temps pour \u00e9viter l\u2019indemnitaire ; tracer les flux pour faciliter la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition entre professionnels. Pour les voyageurs, le remboursement est assur\u00e9 contre l\u2019un des deux op\u00e9rateurs ; pour ces derniers, l\u2019indemnisation n\u2019intervient qu\u2019en cas de notification tardive pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u00e9montr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par un arr\u00eat de la Cour de cassation, premi\u00e8re chambre civile, du 9 juillet 2025, les juges pr\u00e9cisent l’articulation des obligations de remboursement des voy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232070755,"featured_media":9519,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_kj_source_type":"judilibre","_kj_official_id":"686e027de0a6f0ca1546efac","_kj_official_url":"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/686e027de0a6f0ca1546efac","_kj_judilibre_id":"686e027de0a6f0ca1546efac","_kj_jur":"Cour de cassation","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"Premi\u00e8re chambre civile","_kj_rg":"23-22.063","_kj_date":"2025-07-09","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7597],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-685560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jurisprudence"],"yoast_head":"\nCour de cassation, le 9 juillet 2025, n\u00b023-22.063 - 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